쉐도잉 연습: Education gap: The root of inequality - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

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Educational inequality is probably more than anything else the fundamental root of broader inequality.

If we look at inequality and access to particular careers, inequality and income and wealth,

inequality in the nature of political participation,

all those things are mitigated by equalizing the skills that education produces.

Not only the academic skills but the dispositions, the frames of minds, the the conscientiousness, the diligence, the sense of agency.

And so I think there is nothing more important we could do

to produce the type of society we want

than to raise outcomes in the field of education so that knowing somebody's race or ethnicity

tells you nothing at all about what their test scores or grades or occupation might be.

Boston is a place where I think we are a national leader on many educational fronts,

But the story is really that we're not doing everything that we want to be doing.

We aren't delivering on all of the outcomes that we want to deliver.

And it's really an educational equity issue.

So we do see the disparities by gender and by race in educational outcomes in Boston.

And if we're really going to get to for all results, which is where

Boston wants to get, we've got to dig in on educational equity issues.

There's not just one challenge to face when we talk about achievement gaps.

Even if we just talk about racial achievement gaps, we have students of color in high -income suburban districts that are lagging their white classmates.

We have inner -city school districts that are high poverty, have a difficult time attracting teachers.

So the work

that needs to happen is to figure out how in each of these contexts we can make the changes

that are necessary to produce the excellence to which we aspire.

Their needs, the kids in the inner cities have, the people in upper income suburbs never even imagine.

But the most effective schools and teachers in the inner city adapt to those needs.

They meet the kids where they are.

They establish person environment fit for these kids as they pass through the school.

And if we can do that at some greater scale,

it truly is plausible that we can have much less poverty in the next generations

and that we can have the society with regard to race that we want in the future.

Achievement gaps by race, gender, and socioeconomic status are stark in the national data by the age of two.

So we can't wait till school starts.

There's an initiative we've just launched in Boston called the Boston Basics, where we've got five basic ideas about early childhood parenting, five propositions

that we want everybody in the city to know

we're saturating the city with what young parents of young children need to know in order

that their kids don't fall behind by the age of two.

It's not just about giving information, it's about building that niche of social support around them so

that they know that the grandparents and the relatives and the minister

and the barber all know this is important and that they are being supported to do these things.

You can do it with materials that are already in the house

and there's nothing in here that is particular to any particular racial, ethnic or socioeconomic group.

This is human stuff.

This is stuff that everybody in the community can benefit from.

The second thing that excites me these days is the youth culture piece of it.

Schools have two curricula.

They have the curricula the teachers teach and the ones the kids teach.

Part of what we're picking up is a lot of the misbehavior is instances where kids are doing things

they don't even want to do.

They're just trying to fit in.

And so the idea of intervening into the youth culture

and helping kids to develop the culture they really want in their school.

They've already got the right values.

They don't have the social opportunities to live out those values.

You just have to like help students want to help each other.

It takes student leadership to give people permission even to say what they would think is cool.

So are you a student leader?

I tried.

You try to be?

How plausible is it

that you could organize a project at the school where you would get students to talk honestly about the way

they really wanted to be?

If you could, we can tell your story.

You can help other people at other places.

There's no choice but to try to make the things happen that we know need to happen.

Because it's too scary what would happen if they don't happen.

These days are so reminiscent of the 60s and early 70s.

All those issues are coming back.

There was a period where you thought we'd gotten over that.

But there are enough instances where people have produced lots of progress in inner city schools to think

that if we really want to do it, if we really have the political will to make it happen, we can.

Because it's our generational responsibility to work on it no matter whether we're optimistic or pessimistic.

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이 레슨의 어휘와 말하기 포인트

이 말하기 레슨은 영상 “Education gap: The root of inequality”을(를) 바탕으로 합니다. 가장 자주 반복되는 단어는 다음과 같습니다: happen, inequality, educational, Boston, student. 이 영상에는 섀도잉할 문장 70개와 단어 875개가 있습니다. 말하는 구간의 길이는 5:29입니다. 화자는 분당 약 159단어로, 일상 대화에 가까운 자연스러운 속도로 말합니다. 단어의 89%가 영어에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 3,000단어에 속해 어휘가 쉬운 편입니다.

이 영상의 핵심 어휘

영상에 나오는 익혀 둘 만한 단어 15개를 발음, 뜻과 함께 정리했습니다.

단어	발음	뜻
inequality 명사	/ˌɪn.ɪˈkwɑ.lɪ.ti/	불평등
gap 명사	/ɡæp/	간극, 극간
achievement 명사	/əˈt͡ʃiːv.mənt/	달성, 업적
poverty 명사	/ˈpɑːvɚti/	가난, 빈곤
skill 명사	/skɪl/	기술, 스킬
relative 명사	/ˈɹɛl.ə.tɪv/	친척
scary 형용사	/ˈskɛə.ɹi/	공포의, 무섭다
initiative 명사	/ɪˈnɪʃ.ə.tɪv/	진취력, 진취성
regard 명사	/ɹɪˈɡɑːd/	주목하다, 관심을 기울이다
ethnic 형용사	/ˈɛθ.nɪk/	민족(民族)의
fundamental 형용사	/ˌfʌn.dəˈmɛn.təl/	기본적
participation 명사	/pɑːˌtɪs.ɪˈpeɪ.ʃən/	참가
attract 동사	/əˈtɹækt/	끌다, 끌어들이다
occupation 명사	/ˌɑkjʊˈpeɪʃən/	직업
adapt 동사	/əˈdæpt/	적응하다

영상에 나오는 구동사

단어	뜻
come back 동사	돌아오다
fall behind 동사	늦다
get over 동사	극복하다
pick up 동사	줍다

이 영상의 문법

화자가 가장 많이 쓰는 문형을 영상 속 실제 표현과 함께 정리했습니다.

문형	영상 속 표현
현재완료 have/has + 과거분사 — 과거의 일이 지금도 관련이 있을 때	we've just launched · have produced
수동태 be + 과거분사 — 누가 하는지보다 무슨 일이 일어나는지에 초점	are mitigated · being supported

주의할 발음

화자는 we're, don't, we've 같은 축약형과 약화된 형태를 17번 사용합니다. 들리는 대로 짧게 발음하세요.

“th” 소리: ethnic /ˈɛθ.nɪk/, ethnicity /ɛθˈnɪsɪti/
“sh”와 “zh” 소리: racial /ˈɹeɪʃəl/, establish /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ/, initiative /ɪˈnɪʃ.ə.tɪv/, participation /pɑːˌtɪs.ɪˈpeɪ.ʃən/, occupation /ˌɑkjʊˈpeɪʃən/
긴 단어 — 강세 위치에 주의: inequality /ˌɪn.ɪˈkwɑ.lɪ.ti/, curriculum /kəˈɹɪk.jə.ləm/, initiative /ɪˈnɪʃ.ə.tɪv/, fundamental /ˌfʌn.dəˈmɛn.təl/, participation /pɑːˌtɪs.ɪˈpeɪ.ʃən/

한국어 화자가 어려워하는 소리:

/v/ — ㅂ(/b/)과 구별하기: achievement /əˈt͡ʃiːv.mənt/, poverty /ˈpɑːvɚti/, relative /ˈɹɛl.ə.tɪv/, initiative /ɪˈnɪʃ.ə.tɪv/, intervene /ˌɪntəˈviːn/
/z/ — ㅈ이 아니라 성대를 울리는 /s/: plausible /ˈplɑ.zɪ.bəl/, organize /ˈɔɹɡənaɪz/, suburbs /ˈsʌbɝbz/, proposition /ˌpɹɑpəˈzɪʃən/, disposition /ˌdɪs.pəˈzɪʃ.ən/
/r/과 /l/ 구별하기: racial /ˈɹeɪʃəl/, curriculum /kəˈɹɪk.jə.ləm/, relative /ˈɹɛl.ə.tɪv/

이 영상으로 연습하는 방법

먼저 말하지 않고 영상을 끝까지 듣고 모르는 단어를 적어 둡니다.
0.75배속으로 한 문장씩 섀도잉을 시작하고, 익숙해지면 보통 속도로 돌아갑니다.
자신의 목소리를 녹음해 원본과 비교하고, inequality, gap, achievement 같은 단어에 특히 주의합니다.

쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법

쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.

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쉐도잉 연습: Education gap: The root of inequality - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

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