Shadowing Practice: C1 T2 TEST1 PART4 - Learn English Speaking with Video
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1
In December 2015, China issued a red alert warning for their capital Beijing.
2
Smog and air particle levels were ten times higher than the World Health Organization's safety standards.
3
The alert shut down schools and stopped construction, reflecting China's ongoing issues with pollution. At
4
that same time, the rest of the world was meeting in Paris for the
5
United Nations Climate Change Convention in an attempt to tackle growing environmental concerns.
6
So while Beijing is covered in smog, we wanted to know, what are the cleanest cities in the world?
7
A 2012 Green City Index reported by the Economist Intelligence Unit examined each major world region to determine
8
which global factors contribute to cleanliness.
9
In Europe, many of the top spots were captured by Nordic countries, with Copenhagen and Denmark as the cleanest city overall.
10
Zurich in Switzerland also received high points for lowest CO2 emissions.
11
Both countries have strict limits on high -polluting vehicles, but there is also a societal push to use public transit, bicycling, and walking.
12
Even the 2009 Copenhagen Accord saw the world's major economies come together for the first time to lower global emissions.
13
In Latin America, a clear and repeat winner for the cleanest city has been Curitiba in Brazil.
14
The city was the first to introduce bus rapid transit in 1974
15
and has continued the trend of working with its citizens to provide environmental benefits.
16
A recycling program called Garbage has led to about three -quarter of the city's trash to be recycled by residents.
17
Other programs like one which trades bus tokens for recycling shows how effective communal and governmental efforts can be.
18
Another top recycler, this time in Asia, is the city -state of Singapore.
19
On average, they generate less trash per person than the rest of the continent,
20
but they also keep the city clean through high -density planning and infrastructure investment.
21
Recycling and water treatment plants are state of the art and designed around supplying the uniquely compact city.
22
With so many people living so close together, it is very important to produce as little waste as possible.
23
Over in North America, it's health -conscious
24
San Francisco that takes the lead.
25
According to the GCI, San Francisco recycles as much as 77 % of their waste, which is more than any European city besides Leipzig in Germany.
26
Another reason is that SF requires commercial building owners to submit regular energy usage reports, leading to considerably lower usage overall.
27
This coupled with a high -sharing economy, high -quality public transit, and marginal environmental tax benefits makes SF incredibly clean.
28
Lastly and unfortunately, no cities score well above average in Africa.
29
The highest ranked, Accra, in Ghana is not necessarily the cleanest,
30
but they get major points for having a direct bureaucratic link with the national government concerning the environment.
31
This helps not only in monitoring, but also action, and is found lacking in most African cities' profile.
32
Overall, the most consistent aspect of environmental friendliness seemed to be based on society's willingness to take part.
33
Mass transit and recycling help bring down emissions,
34
as does efficient city planning and government policy but it should come as no surprise that without the support of the people,
35
there is little that can be done to save the Earth.
36
While it is nice to live in a city with no pollution, much of the world does not have that luxury.
37
Now listen to part four again. In December 2015,
38
China issued a red alert warning for their capital, Beijing smog
39
and air particle levels were 10 times higher than the World Health Organization's safety standards.
40
The alert shut down schools and stopped construction, reflecting China's ongoing issues with pollution. At
41
that same time, the rest of the world was meeting in Paris for the
42
United Nations Climate Change Convention in an attempt to tackle growing environmental concerns.
43
So while Beijing is covered in smog, we wanted to know, what are the cleanest cities in the world?
44
A 2012 Green City Index reported by the Economist Intelligence Unit examined each major world region to determine
45
which global factors contribute to cleanliness.
46
In Europe, many of the top spots were captured by Nordic countries, with Copenhagen and Denmark as the cleanest city overall.
47
Zurich in Switzerland also received high points for lowest CO2 emissions.
48
Both countries have strict limits on high -polluting vehicles, but there is also a societal push to use public transit, bicycling, and walking.
49
Even the 2009 Copenhagen Accord saw the world's major economies come together for the first time to lower global emissions.
50
In Latin America, a clear and repeat winner for the cleanest city has been Curitiba in Brazil.
51
The city was the first to introduce bus rapid transit in 1974
52
and has continued the trend of working with its citizens to provide environmental benefits.
53
A recycling program called Garbage, that's not garbage, has led to about three -quarter of the city's trash to be recycled by residents.
54
Other programs like one which trades bus tokens for recycling shows how effective communal and governmental efforts can be.
55
Another top recycler, this time in Asia, is the city -state of Singapore.
56
On average, they generate less trash per person than the rest of the continent,
57
but they also keep the city clean through high -density planning and infrastructure investment.
58
Recycling and water treatment plants are state -of -the -art and designed around supplying the uniquely compact city.
59
With so many people living so close together, it is very important to produce as little waste as possible.
60
Over in North America, it's health -conscious
61
San Francisco that takes the lead.
62
According to the GCI, San Francisco recycles as much as 77 % of their waste, which is more than any European city besides Leipzig and Germany.
63
Another reason is that SF requires commercial building owners to submit regular energy usage reports, leading to considerably lower usage overall.
64
This coupled with a high -sharing economy, high -quality public transit, and marginal environmental tax benefits makes SF incredibly clean.
65
Lastly, and unfortunately, no cities score well above average in Africa.
66
The highest ranked, Accra, in Ghana is not necessarily the cleanest,
67
but they get major points for having a direct bureaucratic link with the national government concerning the environment.
68
This helps not only in monitoring, but also action, and is found lacking in most African cities profiled.
69
Overall, the most consistent aspect of environmental friendliness seemed to be based on society's willingness to take part.
70
Mass transit and recycling help bring down emissions as does efficient city planning and government policy
71
But it should come as no surprise that without the support of the people
72
There is little that can be done to save the earth
73
While it is nice to live in a city with no pollution, much of the world does not have that luxury
74
That's the end of part four
75
That's the end of the listening section
76
You now have two minutes to check all your answers Thank you.
77
Thank you.
78
Thank you.
79
Time's up.
80
Thank you.
81
Thank you.
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Woordenschat en spreektips bij deze les
Deze spreekles is gebaseerd op de video “C1 T2 TEST1 PART4”. Deze woorden komen het vaakst terug: cleanest, recycling, transit, environmental, emissions. Deze video bevat 81 zinnen en 1165 woorden om na te spreken. Het gesproken deel duurt 8:48. De spreker praat in een gelijkmatig tempo van ongeveer 132 woorden per minuut, prettig om te shadowen. 82% van de woorden hoort bij de 3.000 meest gebruikte Engelse woorden; de rest kun je beter vooraf bekijken.
Belangrijke woorden in deze video
15 woorden uit de video die het leren waard zijn, met uitspraak en betekenis:
| Woord | Uitspraak | Betekenis |
|---|---|---|
| transit zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈtɹæn.zɪt/ | doortocht |
| emission zelfstandig naamwoord | /ɪˈmɪʃ.ən/ | uitstoot, emissie |
| trash zelfstandig naamwoord | /tɹæʃ/ | vuilnis, vuil |
| alert bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /əˈlɝt/ | alert, waakzaam |
| usage zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈjuːsɪd͡ʒ/ | gebruik |
| pollution zelfstandig naamwoord | /pəˈluʃən/ | vervuiling, milieuverontreiniging |
| garbage zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈɡɑɹ.bɪd͡ʒ/ | huisvuil, vuilnis |
| consistent bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /kənˈsɪs.tənt/ | veel voorkomend, consequent |
| necessarily bijwoord | /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/ | nodig, noodzakelijk |
| infrastructure zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈɪnfɹəˌstɹʌkt͡ʃə/ | infrastructuur |
| rank zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈɹæŋk/ | gelid, rij |
| efficient bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ɪˈfɪʃənt/ | efficiënt |
| aspect zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈæspɛkt/ | aspect |
| citizen zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈsɪtɪzən/ | burger, poorter |
| reflect werkwoord | /ɹɪˈflɛkt/ | weerkaatsen |
Phrasal verbs die je zult horen
| Woord | Betekenis |
|---|---|
| shut down werkwoord | afsluiten, uitzetten |
Grammatica in deze video
De structuren die de spreker het meest gebruikt, met de exacte woorden uit de video:
| Structuur | In de video |
|---|---|
| Lijdende vorm be + voltooid deelwoord — het gaat om wat er gebeurt, niet om wie het doet | is covered · were captured · be recycled |
| Present perfect have/has + voltooid deelwoord — iets uit het verleden dat nu nog telt | has been · has continued · has led |
| Betrekkelijke bijzinnen who / which + zin — extra informatie over een persoon of ding | waste, which is |
Uitspraak om op te letten
- De klanken “sh” en “zh”: emission /ɪˈmɪʃ.ən/, trash /tɹæʃ/, pollution /pəˈluʃən/, capture /ˈkæp.(t)ʃɚ/, efficient /ɪˈfɪʃənt/
- Lange woorden — let op de klemtoon: necessarily /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/, infrastructure /ˈɪnfɹəˌstɹʌkt͡ʃə/, incredibly /ɪŋˈkɹɛdɪbli/, considerably /kənˈsɪdəɹəbli/, governmental /ˌɡʌvɚnˈmɛnt(ə)l/
Klanken die Nederlandstaligen lastig vinden:
- Stemhebbende eindmedeklinker — /b/, /d/, /g/, /z/, /v/ niet verscherpen: usage /ˈjuːsɪd͡ʒ/, garbage /ˈɡɑɹ.bɪd͡ʒ/, rapid /ˈɹæp.ɪd/, smog /smɑɡ/
- /æ/ — opener dan de Nederlandse “e”: transit /ˈtɹæn.zɪt/, trash /tɹæʃ/, rank /ˈɹæŋk/, capture /ˈkæp.(t)ʃɚ/, aspect /ˈæspɛkt/
- /g/ — een harde plofklank, geen Nederlandse “g”: garbage /ˈɡɑɹ.bɪd͡ʒ/, ongoing /ɒnˈɡəʊ.ɪŋ/, examine /ɪɡˈzæmɪn/, governmental /ˌɡʌvɚnˈmɛnt(ə)l/, smog /smɑɡ/
Zo oefen je met deze video
- Luister de hele video één keer zonder te spreken en noteer de woorden die je niet kent.
- Spreek zin voor zin na op normale snelheid en herhaal elke zin tot je ritme gelijk is aan dat van de spreker.
- Neem jezelf op en vergelijk met het origineel; let daarbij op woorden als transit, emission, trash.
Wat is de Shadowing-techniek?
Shadowing is een wetenschappelijk onderbouwde taalleermethode die oorspronkelijk is ontwikkeld voor professionele tolkentraining en gepopulariseerd door polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. De methode is eenvoudig maar krachtig: je luistert naar native Engelse audio en herhaalt het onmiddellijk hardop — als een schaduw die de spreker volgt met slechts 1–2 seconden vertraging. In tegenstelling tot passief luisteren of grammaticadrills, dwingt shadowing je hersenen en mondspieren om echte spraakpatronen tegelijkertijd te verwerken en te reproduceren. Onderzoek toont aan dat het de uitspraaknauwkeurigheid, intonatie, ritme, verbonden spraak, luisterbegrip en spreekvaardigheid aanzienlijk verbetert — waardoor het een van de meest effectieve methoden is voor IELTS Speaking-voorbereiding en echte Engelse communicatie.