シャドーイング練習: C1 T2 TEST1 PART4 - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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In December 2015, China issued a red alert warning for their capital Beijing.

Smog and air particle levels were ten times higher than the World Health Organization's safety standards.

The alert shut down schools and stopped construction, reflecting China's ongoing issues with pollution. At

that same time, the rest of the world was meeting in Paris for the

United Nations Climate Change Convention in an attempt to tackle growing environmental concerns.

So while Beijing is covered in smog, we wanted to know, what are the cleanest cities in the world?

A 2012 Green City Index reported by the Economist Intelligence Unit examined each major world region to determine

which global factors contribute to cleanliness.

In Europe, many of the top spots were captured by Nordic countries, with Copenhagen and Denmark as the cleanest city overall.

Zurich in Switzerland also received high points for lowest CO2 emissions.

Both countries have strict limits on high -polluting vehicles, but there is also a societal push to use public transit, bicycling, and walking.

Even the 2009 Copenhagen Accord saw the world's major economies come together for the first time to lower global emissions.

In Latin America, a clear and repeat winner for the cleanest city has been Curitiba in Brazil.

The city was the first to introduce bus rapid transit in 1974

and has continued the trend of working with its citizens to provide environmental benefits.

A recycling program called Garbage has led to about three -quarter of the city's trash to be recycled by residents.

Other programs like one which trades bus tokens for recycling shows how effective communal and governmental efforts can be.

Another top recycler, this time in Asia, is the city -state of Singapore.

On average, they generate less trash per person than the rest of the continent,

but they also keep the city clean through high -density planning and infrastructure investment.

Recycling and water treatment plants are state of the art and designed around supplying the uniquely compact city.

With so many people living so close together, it is very important to produce as little waste as possible.

Over in North America, it's health -conscious

San Francisco that takes the lead.

According to the GCI, San Francisco recycles as much as 77 % of their waste, which is more than any European city besides Leipzig in Germany.

Another reason is that SF requires commercial building owners to submit regular energy usage reports, leading to considerably lower usage overall.

This coupled with a high -sharing economy, high -quality public transit, and marginal environmental tax benefits makes SF incredibly clean.

Lastly and unfortunately, no cities score well above average in Africa.

The highest ranked, Accra, in Ghana is not necessarily the cleanest,

but they get major points for having a direct bureaucratic link with the national government concerning the environment.

This helps not only in monitoring, but also action, and is found lacking in most African cities' profile.

Overall, the most consistent aspect of environmental friendliness seemed to be based on society's willingness to take part.

Mass transit and recycling help bring down emissions,

as does efficient city planning and government policy but it should come as no surprise that without the support of the people,

there is little that can be done to save the Earth.

While it is nice to live in a city with no pollution, much of the world does not have that luxury.

Now listen to part four again. In December 2015,

China issued a red alert warning for their capital, Beijing smog

and air particle levels were 10 times higher than the World Health Organization's safety standards.

The alert shut down schools and stopped construction, reflecting China's ongoing issues with pollution. At

that same time, the rest of the world was meeting in Paris for the

United Nations Climate Change Convention in an attempt to tackle growing environmental concerns.

So while Beijing is covered in smog, we wanted to know, what are the cleanest cities in the world?

A 2012 Green City Index reported by the Economist Intelligence Unit examined each major world region to determine

which global factors contribute to cleanliness.

In Europe, many of the top spots were captured by Nordic countries, with Copenhagen and Denmark as the cleanest city overall.

Zurich in Switzerland also received high points for lowest CO2 emissions.

Both countries have strict limits on high -polluting vehicles, but there is also a societal push to use public transit, bicycling, and walking.

Even the 2009 Copenhagen Accord saw the world's major economies come together for the first time to lower global emissions.

In Latin America, a clear and repeat winner for the cleanest city has been Curitiba in Brazil.

The city was the first to introduce bus rapid transit in 1974

and has continued the trend of working with its citizens to provide environmental benefits.

A recycling program called Garbage, that's not garbage, has led to about three -quarter of the city's trash to be recycled by residents.

Other programs like one which trades bus tokens for recycling shows how effective communal and governmental efforts can be.

Another top recycler, this time in Asia, is the city -state of Singapore.

On average, they generate less trash per person than the rest of the continent,

but they also keep the city clean through high -density planning and infrastructure investment.

Recycling and water treatment plants are state -of -the -art and designed around supplying the uniquely compact city.

With so many people living so close together, it is very important to produce as little waste as possible.

Over in North America, it's health -conscious

San Francisco that takes the lead.

According to the GCI, San Francisco recycles as much as 77 % of their waste, which is more than any European city besides Leipzig and Germany.

Another reason is that SF requires commercial building owners to submit regular energy usage reports, leading to considerably lower usage overall.

This coupled with a high -sharing economy, high -quality public transit, and marginal environmental tax benefits makes SF incredibly clean.

Lastly, and unfortunately, no cities score well above average in Africa.

The highest ranked, Accra, in Ghana is not necessarily the cleanest,

but they get major points for having a direct bureaucratic link with the national government concerning the environment.

This helps not only in monitoring, but also action, and is found lacking in most African cities profiled.

Overall, the most consistent aspect of environmental friendliness seemed to be based on society's willingness to take part.

Mass transit and recycling help bring down emissions as does efficient city planning and government policy

But it should come as no surprise that without the support of the people

There is little that can be done to save the earth

While it is nice to live in a city with no pollution, much of the world does not have that luxury

That's the end of part four

That's the end of the listening section

You now have two minutes to check all your answers Thank you.

Thank you.

Time's up.

Thank you.

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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント

このスピーキングレッスンは、動画「C1 T2 TEST1 PART4」を教材にしています。繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：cleanest, recycling, transit, environmental, emissions。この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が81文、単語が1165語あります。音声の長さは8:48です。話す速さは1分あたり約132語で安定しており、シャドーイングしやすいペースです。単語の82%は英語の頻出3,000語に含まれます。残りは練習の前に確認しておきましょう。

この動画の重要語彙

動画に出てくる覚えておきたい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。

単語	発音	意味
transit 名詞	/ˈtɹæn.zɪt/	通過
trash 名詞	/tɹæʃ/	ごみ
alert 形容詞	/əˈlɝt/	機敏な, 警戒する
usage 名詞	/ˈjuːsɪd͡ʒ/	使い方
pollution 名詞	/pəˈluʃən/	汚染
garbage 名詞	/ˈɡɑɹ.bɪd͡ʒ/	ごみ, 廃物
infrastructure 名詞	/ˈɪnfɹəˌstɹʌkt͡ʃə/	インフラストラクチャ, インフラ
capture 動詞	/ˈkæp.(t)ʃɚ/	捕獲する
aspect 名詞	/ˈæspɛkt/	様相
citizen 名詞	/ˈsɪtɪzən/	市民
reflect 動詞	/ɹɪˈflɛkt/	跳ね返す, 反射する
rapid 形容詞	/ˈɹæp.ɪd/	速い, 急な
resident 名詞	/ˈɹɛzɪdənt/	居住者, 住民
introduce 動詞	/ˌɪntɹəˈdus/	紹介する, 引き合わせる
monitor 名詞	/ˈmɑ.nɪ.tɚ/	モニター

動画に出てくる句動詞

単語	意味
shut down 動詞	シャットダウン

この動画の文法

話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。

文型	動画での表現
受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる	is covered · were captured · be recycled
現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している	has been · has continued · has led
関係詞節 who / which + 節 — 人や物について情報を加える	waste, which is

注意したい発音

「sh」と「zh」の音: emission /ɪˈmɪʃ.ən/, trash /tɹæʃ/, pollution /pəˈluʃən/, capture /ˈkæp.(t)ʃɚ/, efficient /ɪˈfɪʃənt/
長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: necessarily /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/, infrastructure /ˈɪnfɹəˌstɹʌkt͡ʃə/, incredibly /ɪŋˈkɹɛdɪbli/, considerably /kənˈsɪdəɹəbli/, governmental /ˌɡʌvɚnˈmɛnt(ə)l/

日本語話者が苦手な音：

/r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: necessarily /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/, reflect /ɹɪˈflɛkt/, incredibly /ɪŋˈkɹɛdɪbli/, luxury /ˈlʌk.ʃə.ɹi/, considerably /kənˈsɪdəɹəbli/
/f/ — 「フ」ではなく、上の歯と下唇で出す: infrastructure /ˈɪnfɹəˌstɹʌkt͡ʃə/, efficient /ɪˈfɪʃənt/, reflect /ɹɪˈflɛkt/, friendliness /ˈfɹɛndlinəs/
子音の連続 — 間に母音を入れない: transit /ˈtɹæn.zɪt/, trash /tɹæʃ/, consistent /kənˈsɪs.tənt/, infrastructure /ˈɪnfɹəˌstɹʌkt͡ʃə/, rank /ˈɹæŋk/

この動画での練習方法

まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
通常の速度で一文ずつシャドーイングし、話し手のリズムに合うまで繰り返します。
自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。transit, trash, alertなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。

シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由

シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。

シャドーイングのやり方: ステップ別の完全ガイドを読む →

シャドーイング練習: C1 T2 TEST1 PART4 - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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