Практика Shadowing: C1 T2 TEST1 PART4 - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео

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In December 2015, China issued a red alert warning for their capital Beijing.

Smog and air particle levels were ten times higher than the World Health Organization's safety standards.

The alert shut down schools and stopped construction, reflecting China's ongoing issues with pollution. At

that same time, the rest of the world was meeting in Paris for the

United Nations Climate Change Convention in an attempt to tackle growing environmental concerns.

So while Beijing is covered in smog, we wanted to know, what are the cleanest cities in the world?

A 2012 Green City Index reported by the Economist Intelligence Unit examined each major world region to determine

which global factors contribute to cleanliness.

In Europe, many of the top spots were captured by Nordic countries, with Copenhagen and Denmark as the cleanest city overall.

Zurich in Switzerland also received high points for lowest CO2 emissions.

Both countries have strict limits on high -polluting vehicles, but there is also a societal push to use public transit, bicycling, and walking.

Even the 2009 Copenhagen Accord saw the world's major economies come together for the first time to lower global emissions.

In Latin America, a clear and repeat winner for the cleanest city has been Curitiba in Brazil.

The city was the first to introduce bus rapid transit in 1974

and has continued the trend of working with its citizens to provide environmental benefits.

A recycling program called Garbage has led to about three -quarter of the city's trash to be recycled by residents.

Other programs like one which trades bus tokens for recycling shows how effective communal and governmental efforts can be.

Another top recycler, this time in Asia, is the city -state of Singapore.

On average, they generate less trash per person than the rest of the continent,

but they also keep the city clean through high -density planning and infrastructure investment.

Recycling and water treatment plants are state of the art and designed around supplying the uniquely compact city.

With so many people living so close together, it is very important to produce as little waste as possible.

Over in North America, it's health -conscious

San Francisco that takes the lead.

According to the GCI, San Francisco recycles as much as 77 % of their waste, which is more than any European city besides Leipzig in Germany.

Another reason is that SF requires commercial building owners to submit regular energy usage reports, leading to considerably lower usage overall.

This coupled with a high -sharing economy, high -quality public transit, and marginal environmental tax benefits makes SF incredibly clean.

Lastly and unfortunately, no cities score well above average in Africa.

The highest ranked, Accra, in Ghana is not necessarily the cleanest,

but they get major points for having a direct bureaucratic link with the national government concerning the environment.

This helps not only in monitoring, but also action, and is found lacking in most African cities' profile.

Overall, the most consistent aspect of environmental friendliness seemed to be based on society's willingness to take part.

Mass transit and recycling help bring down emissions,

as does efficient city planning and government policy but it should come as no surprise that without the support of the people,

there is little that can be done to save the Earth.

While it is nice to live in a city with no pollution, much of the world does not have that luxury.

Now listen to part four again. In December 2015,

China issued a red alert warning for their capital, Beijing smog

and air particle levels were 10 times higher than the World Health Organization's safety standards.

The alert shut down schools and stopped construction, reflecting China's ongoing issues with pollution. At

that same time, the rest of the world was meeting in Paris for the

United Nations Climate Change Convention in an attempt to tackle growing environmental concerns.

So while Beijing is covered in smog, we wanted to know, what are the cleanest cities in the world?

A 2012 Green City Index reported by the Economist Intelligence Unit examined each major world region to determine

which global factors contribute to cleanliness.

In Europe, many of the top spots were captured by Nordic countries, with Copenhagen and Denmark as the cleanest city overall.

Zurich in Switzerland also received high points for lowest CO2 emissions.

Both countries have strict limits on high -polluting vehicles, but there is also a societal push to use public transit, bicycling, and walking.

Even the 2009 Copenhagen Accord saw the world's major economies come together for the first time to lower global emissions.

In Latin America, a clear and repeat winner for the cleanest city has been Curitiba in Brazil.

The city was the first to introduce bus rapid transit in 1974

and has continued the trend of working with its citizens to provide environmental benefits.

A recycling program called Garbage, that's not garbage, has led to about three -quarter of the city's trash to be recycled by residents.

Other programs like one which trades bus tokens for recycling shows how effective communal and governmental efforts can be.

Another top recycler, this time in Asia, is the city -state of Singapore.

On average, they generate less trash per person than the rest of the continent,

but they also keep the city clean through high -density planning and infrastructure investment.

Recycling and water treatment plants are state -of -the -art and designed around supplying the uniquely compact city.

With so many people living so close together, it is very important to produce as little waste as possible.

Over in North America, it's health -conscious

San Francisco that takes the lead.

According to the GCI, San Francisco recycles as much as 77 % of their waste, which is more than any European city besides Leipzig and Germany.

Another reason is that SF requires commercial building owners to submit regular energy usage reports, leading to considerably lower usage overall.

This coupled with a high -sharing economy, high -quality public transit, and marginal environmental tax benefits makes SF incredibly clean.

Lastly, and unfortunately, no cities score well above average in Africa.

The highest ranked, Accra, in Ghana is not necessarily the cleanest,

but they get major points for having a direct bureaucratic link with the national government concerning the environment.

This helps not only in monitoring, but also action, and is found lacking in most African cities profiled.

Overall, the most consistent aspect of environmental friendliness seemed to be based on society's willingness to take part.

Mass transit and recycling help bring down emissions as does efficient city planning and government policy

But it should come as no surprise that without the support of the people

There is little that can be done to save the earth

While it is nice to live in a city with no pollution, much of the world does not have that luxury

That's the end of part four

That's the end of the listening section

You now have two minutes to check all your answers Thank you.

Thank you.

Time's up.

Thank you.

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147

Лексика и советы по произношению к этому уроку

Этот урок разговорной практики построен на видео «C1 T2 TEST1 PART4». Чаще всего повторяются слова: cleanest, recycling, transit, environmental, emissions. В этом видео 81 предложений и 1165 слов для шедоуинга. Речь длится 8:48. Говорящий держит ровный темп — около 132 слов в минуту, удобный для шедоуинга. 82% слов входят в 3000 самых частых слов английского языка; остальные стоит разобрать перед занятием.

Ключевая лексика этого видео

15 слов из видео, которые стоит выучить, с произношением и значением:

Слово	Произношение	Значение
transit существительное	/ˈtɹæn.zɪt/	транзи́т, перехо́д
emission существительное	/ɪˈmɪʃ.ən/	вы́брос, вы́пуск
trash существительное	/tɹæʃ/	му́сор
alert прилагательное	/əˈlɝt/	бди́тельный, внима́тельный
usage существительное	/ˈjuːsɪd͡ʒ/	испо́льзование, примене́ние
pollution существительное	/pəˈluʃən/	загрязне́ние
garbage существительное	/ˈɡɑɹ.bɪd͡ʒ/	му́сор, отбро́сы
consistent прилагательное	/kənˈsɪs.tənt/	после́довательный
necessarily наречие	/ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/	обяза́тельно
infrastructure существительное	/ˈɪnfɹəˌstɹʌkt͡ʃə/	инфраструкту́ра
rank существительное	/ˈɹæŋk/	ряд, шере́нга
capture глагол	/ˈkæp.(t)ʃɚ/	захва́тывать, захвати́ть
efficient прилагательное	/ɪˈfɪʃənt/	эффекти́вный
aspect существительное	/ˈæspɛkt/	аспе́кт, вид
citizen существительное	/ˈsɪtɪzən/	горожа́нин, горожа́нка

Фразовые глаголы, которые вы услышите

Слово	Значение
shut down глагол	выключить, остановить

Грамматика в этом видео

Конструкции, которые говорящий использует чаще всего, с точными словами из видео:

Конструкция	В видео
Пассивный залог be + причастие прошедшего времени — важно, что происходит, а не кто это делает	is covered · were captured · be recycled
Present Perfect have/has + причастие прошедшего времени — прошлое действие, важное сейчас	has been · has continued · has led
Придаточные определительные who / which + предложение — уточнение о человеке или предмете	waste, which is

Произношение, на которое стоит обратить внимание

Звуки «sh» и «zh»: emission /ɪˈmɪʃ.ən/, trash /tɹæʃ/, pollution /pəˈluʃən/, capture /ˈkæp.(t)ʃɚ/, efficient /ɪˈfɪʃənt/
Длинные слова — следите за ударением: necessarily /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/, infrastructure /ˈɪnfɹəˌstɹʌkt͡ʃə/, incredibly /ɪŋˈkɹɛdɪbli/, considerably /kənˈsɪdəɹəbli/, governmental /ˌɡʌvɚnˈmɛnt(ə)l/

Звуки, трудные для русскоязычных:

Звонкие согласные в конце слова — не оглушайте их: usage /ˈjuːsɪd͡ʒ/, garbage /ˈɡɑɹ.bɪd͡ʒ/, rapid /ˈɹæp.ɪd/, smog /smɑɡ/

Как заниматься с этим видео

Прослушайте всё видео один раз молча и выпишите незнакомые слова.
Повторяйте предложение за предложением на обычной скорости, пока ваш ритм не совпадёт с ритмом говорящего.
Запишите себя и сравните с оригиналом, обращая внимание на такие слова, как transit, emission, trash.

Что такое техника Shadowing?

Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.

Техника шедоуинга: читать полное пошаговое руководство →

Практика Shadowing: C1 T2 TEST1 PART4 - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео

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