Luyện nói tiếng Anh bằng Shadowing qua video: C1 T2 TEST1 PART4
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81 câu
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1
In December 2015, China issued a red alert warning for their capital Beijing.
Vào tháng 12 năm 2015, Trung Quốc đã ban hành cảnh báo cấp độ đỏ cho thủ đô Bắc Kinh của mình.
2
Smog and air particle levels were ten times higher than the World Health Organization's safety standards.
3
The alert shut down schools and stopped construction, reflecting China's ongoing issues with pollution. At
4
that same time, the rest of the world was meeting in Paris for the
5
United Nations Climate Change Convention in an attempt to tackle growing environmental concerns.
6
So while Beijing is covered in smog, we wanted to know, what are the cleanest cities in the world?
7
A 2012 Green City Index reported by the Economist Intelligence Unit examined each major world region to determine
8
which global factors contribute to cleanliness.
9
In Europe, many of the top spots were captured by Nordic countries, with Copenhagen and Denmark as the cleanest city overall.
10
Zurich in Switzerland also received high points for lowest CO2 emissions.
11
Both countries have strict limits on high -polluting vehicles, but there is also a societal push to use public transit, bicycling, and walking.
12
Even the 2009 Copenhagen Accord saw the world's major economies come together for the first time to lower global emissions.
13
In Latin America, a clear and repeat winner for the cleanest city has been Curitiba in Brazil.
14
The city was the first to introduce bus rapid transit in 1974
15
and has continued the trend of working with its citizens to provide environmental benefits.
16
A recycling program called Garbage has led to about three -quarter of the city's trash to be recycled by residents.
17
Other programs like one which trades bus tokens for recycling shows how effective communal and governmental efforts can be.
18
Another top recycler, this time in Asia, is the city -state of Singapore.
19
On average, they generate less trash per person than the rest of the continent,
20
but they also keep the city clean through high -density planning and infrastructure investment.
21
Recycling and water treatment plants are state of the art and designed around supplying the uniquely compact city.
22
With so many people living so close together, it is very important to produce as little waste as possible.
23
Over in North America, it's health -conscious
24
San Francisco that takes the lead.
25
According to the GCI, San Francisco recycles as much as 77 % of their waste, which is more than any European city besides Leipzig in Germany.
26
Another reason is that SF requires commercial building owners to submit regular energy usage reports, leading to considerably lower usage overall.
27
This coupled with a high -sharing economy, high -quality public transit, and marginal environmental tax benefits makes SF incredibly clean.
28
Lastly and unfortunately, no cities score well above average in Africa.
29
The highest ranked, Accra, in Ghana is not necessarily the cleanest,
30
but they get major points for having a direct bureaucratic link with the national government concerning the environment.
31
This helps not only in monitoring, but also action, and is found lacking in most African cities' profile.
32
Overall, the most consistent aspect of environmental friendliness seemed to be based on society's willingness to take part.
33
Mass transit and recycling help bring down emissions,
34
as does efficient city planning and government policy but it should come as no surprise that without the support of the people,
35
there is little that can be done to save the Earth.
36
While it is nice to live in a city with no pollution, much of the world does not have that luxury.
37
Now listen to part four again. In December 2015,
38
China issued a red alert warning for their capital, Beijing smog
39
and air particle levels were 10 times higher than the World Health Organization's safety standards.
40
The alert shut down schools and stopped construction, reflecting China's ongoing issues with pollution. At
41
that same time, the rest of the world was meeting in Paris for the
42
United Nations Climate Change Convention in an attempt to tackle growing environmental concerns.
43
So while Beijing is covered in smog, we wanted to know, what are the cleanest cities in the world?
44
A 2012 Green City Index reported by the Economist Intelligence Unit examined each major world region to determine
45
which global factors contribute to cleanliness.
46
In Europe, many of the top spots were captured by Nordic countries, with Copenhagen and Denmark as the cleanest city overall.
47
Zurich in Switzerland also received high points for lowest CO2 emissions.
48
Both countries have strict limits on high -polluting vehicles, but there is also a societal push to use public transit, bicycling, and walking.
49
Even the 2009 Copenhagen Accord saw the world's major economies come together for the first time to lower global emissions.
50
In Latin America, a clear and repeat winner for the cleanest city has been Curitiba in Brazil.
51
The city was the first to introduce bus rapid transit in 1974
52
and has continued the trend of working with its citizens to provide environmental benefits.
53
A recycling program called Garbage, that's not garbage, has led to about three -quarter of the city's trash to be recycled by residents.
54
Other programs like one which trades bus tokens for recycling shows how effective communal and governmental efforts can be.
55
Another top recycler, this time in Asia, is the city -state of Singapore.
56
On average, they generate less trash per person than the rest of the continent,
57
but they also keep the city clean through high -density planning and infrastructure investment.
58
Recycling and water treatment plants are state -of -the -art and designed around supplying the uniquely compact city.
59
With so many people living so close together, it is very important to produce as little waste as possible.
60
Over in North America, it's health -conscious
61
San Francisco that takes the lead.
62
According to the GCI, San Francisco recycles as much as 77 % of their waste, which is more than any European city besides Leipzig and Germany.
63
Another reason is that SF requires commercial building owners to submit regular energy usage reports, leading to considerably lower usage overall.
64
This coupled with a high -sharing economy, high -quality public transit, and marginal environmental tax benefits makes SF incredibly clean.
65
Lastly, and unfortunately, no cities score well above average in Africa.
66
The highest ranked, Accra, in Ghana is not necessarily the cleanest,
67
but they get major points for having a direct bureaucratic link with the national government concerning the environment.
68
This helps not only in monitoring, but also action, and is found lacking in most African cities profiled.
69
Overall, the most consistent aspect of environmental friendliness seemed to be based on society's willingness to take part.
70
Mass transit and recycling help bring down emissions as does efficient city planning and government policy
71
But it should come as no surprise that without the support of the people
72
There is little that can be done to save the earth
73
While it is nice to live in a city with no pollution, much of the world does not have that luxury
74
That's the end of part four
75
That's the end of the listening section
76
You now have two minutes to check all your answers Thank you.
77
Thank you.
78
Thank you.
79
Time's up.
80
Thank you.
81
Thank you.
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Từ vựng và ghi chú luyện nói cho bài học này
Bài luyện nói này dựa trên video “C1 T2 TEST1 PART4”. Những từ được nhắc lại nhiều nhất trong bài: cleanest, recycling, transit, environmental, emissions. Video này có 81 câu và 1165 từ để luyện shadowing. Phần lời nói dài 8:48. Người nói giữ tốc độ đều, khoảng 132 từ mỗi phút, vừa sức để nói đuổi theo. 82% số từ nằm trong 3.000 từ tiếng Anh thông dụng nhất; phần còn lại nên xem trước khi luyện.
Từ vựng quan trọng trong video
15 từ đáng học trong video, kèm phiên âm và nghĩa:
| Từ | Phiên âm | Nghĩa |
|---|---|---|
| trash danh từ | /tɹæʃ/ | rác |
| pollution danh từ | /pəˈluʃən/ | sự ô nhiễm |
| garbage danh từ | /ˈɡɑɹ.bɪd͡ʒ/ | rác |
| consistent tính từ | /kənˈsɪs.tənt/ | phù hợp, thích hợp |
| infrastructure danh từ | /ˈɪnfɹəˌstɹʌkt͡ʃə/ | cơ sở hạ tầng |
| rank danh từ | /ˈɹæŋk/ | hàng |
| capture động từ | /ˈkæp.(t)ʃɚ/ | bắt |
| citizen danh từ | /ˈsɪtɪzən/ | công dân |
| reflect động từ | /ɹɪˈflɛkt/ | phản chiếu |
| incredibly trạng từ | /ɪŋˈkɹɛdɪbli/ | khó tin nổi |
| resident danh từ | /ˈɹɛzɪdənt/ | cư dân |
| introduce động từ | /ˌɪntɹəˈdus/ | giới thiệu |
| monitor danh từ | /ˈmɑ.nɪ.tɚ/ | pháo thuyền, pháo hạm |
| contribute động từ | /kənˈtɹɪb.jut/ | đóng góp |
| density danh từ | /ˈdɛn.sə.ti/ | khối lượng riêng, mật độ |
Cụm động từ bạn sẽ nghe
| Từ | Nghĩa |
|---|---|
| shut down động từ | tắt nguồn |
Ngữ pháp trong video
Những cấu trúc người nói dùng nhiều nhất, kèm đúng cụm từ trong video:
| Cấu trúc | Trong video |
|---|---|
| Câu bị động be + quá khứ phân từ — nhấn vào việc xảy ra, không phải người làm | is covered · were captured · be recycled |
| Thì hiện tại hoàn thành have/has + quá khứ phân từ — việc đã xảy ra nhưng còn liên quan đến hiện tại | has been · has continued · has led |
| Mệnh đề quan hệ who / which + mệnh đề — thêm thông tin về người hoặc vật | waste, which is |
Phát âm cần chú ý
- Âm “sh” và “zh”: emission /ɪˈmɪʃ.ən/, trash /tɹæʃ/, pollution /pəˈluʃən/, capture /ˈkæp.(t)ʃɚ/, efficient /ɪˈfɪʃənt/
- Từ dài — đặt trọng âm cho đúng: necessarily /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/, infrastructure /ˈɪnfɹəˌstɹʌkt͡ʃə/, incredibly /ɪŋˈkɹɛdɪbli/, considerably /kənˈsɪdəɹəbli/, governmental /ˌɡʌvɚnˈmɛnt(ə)l/
Những âm người Việt thường gặp khó:
- Cụm phụ âm cuối — đọc đủ từng âm, đừng nuốt âm cuối: consistent /kənˈsɪs.tənt/, rank /ˈɹæŋk/, efficient /ɪˈfɪʃənt/, aspect /ˈæspɛkt/, reflect /ɹɪˈflɛkt/
- Âm /tʃ/, /dʒ/ và /ʒ/ — tiếng Việt không có, đừng đọc thành “ch” hay “gi”: usage /ˈjuːsɪd͡ʒ/, garbage /ˈɡɑɹ.bɪd͡ʒ/, infrastructure /ˈɪnfɹəˌstɹʌkt͡ʃə/, generate /ˈd͡ʒɛn.ə.ɹeɪt/, marginal /ˈmɑː.d͡ʒɪ.nəl/
- Âm /æ/ — mở miệng rộng hơn âm “e”: transit /ˈtɹæn.zɪt/, trash /tɹæʃ/, rank /ˈɹæŋk/, capture /ˈkæp.(t)ʃɚ/, aspect /ˈæspɛkt/
Cách luyện với video này
- Nghe hết video một lần, chưa cần nói, và ghi lại những từ bạn chưa biết.
- Nói đuổi từng câu ở tốc độ bình thường, lặp lại mỗi câu đến khi nhịp của bạn khớp với người nói.
- Ghi âm giọng mình rồi so với bản gốc, chú ý các từ như trash, pollution, garbage.
Phương Pháp Shadowing Là Gì?
Shadowing là kỹ thuật học ngôn ngữ có cơ sở khoa học, ban đầu được phát triển cho chương trình đào tạo phiên dịch viên chuyên nghiệp và được phổ biến rộng rãi bởi nhà đa ngôn ngữ học Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Nguyên lý cốt lõi đơn giản nhưng cực kỳ hiệu quả: bạn nghe tiếng Anh của người bản xứ và lặp lại to ngay lập tức — như một "cái bóng" (shadow) đuổi theo người nói với độ trễ chỉ 1–2 giây. Khác với luyện ngữ pháp hay học từ vựng bị động, Shadowing buộc não bộ và cơ miệng phải đồng thời xử lý và tái tạo ngôn ngữ thực tế. Các nghiên cứu khoa học xác nhận phương pháp này cải thiện đáng kể phát âm, ngữ điệu, nhịp điệu, nối âm, kỹ năng nghe và độ lưu loát khi nói — đặc biệt hiệu quả cho người luyện IELTS Speaking và muốn giao tiếp tiếng Anh tự nhiên như người bản ngữ.