Luyện nói tiếng Anh bằng Shadowing qua video: Can cycling reduce global warming?

Đang tạo bài học...
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We all know that bikes are good for our planet, right?
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But how good are they really?
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In order to better understand this topic, I'm going to explain what is a carbon footprint.
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You see, a carbon footprint is the total amount of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide
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and methane that are generated by our actions.
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Globally, the average yearly carbon footprint per person is around 4 tons, though in United States is closer to 16 tons.
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That's quite a lot.
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To have the best chance of avoiding a 2 degrees celsius rise in global temperatures, the average global carbon footprint per year needs to drop under 2 tons by 2050.
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But transport emissions aren't falling fast enough, which is why I wanted to see if using a bike could help us.
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So, you may think that cycling does not have any emissions or just a few from manufacturing.
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However, the real emissions will be shown and compared against other types of transport.
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We all know that most of the bikes are made from some kind of metal, right?
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Carbon emissions may differ from the types of metal you are using, but for the sake of simplicity, we'll take the steel bike that weighs around 20 kg.
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To manufacture that bike, 96 kg of CO2 is released into the air.
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That's this not the end though.
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We need to consider all of the calories you burned
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which need to be brought back by food unless you're on a diet.
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For better understanding, imagine Bob.
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He weighs around 70 kg and he's cycling a 30-speed at 16 km per hour.
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He is burning 11 kcal per km more while cycling than if he was laying around.
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This number might seem small though, but if Bob cycles for 1 hour every day, he burns around 1200 extra calories per week.
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He gets that energy back by consuming two extra burgers.
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In order to produce those two burgers, some of CO2 gets released into the air, mainly by food production and transport.
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If we add 96 kg of bike manufacturing emissions,
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average of 1.5 g per calorie in food emissions and that average lifespan of a bike is 90,000 km,
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cycling releases about 21 grams of CO2 each kilometer.
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Uhhh...
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And of course you need to talk about e-bikes.
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We know that manufacturing k-bikes releases more CO2 in the air, right?
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But less calories are burned, so carbon footprint is quite smaller.
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Look, emissions fall to 15 grams of CO2 per kilometer.
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Results may differ depending on the source of electricity, but I was still very surprised about that.
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With that said, buying an e-bike still defeats the purpose of a bike, You won't get nicer legs and you may become fat.
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But the ultimate green way of transport should be walking, right?
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Well, not really.
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Because walking is less efficient, more calories are being burned.
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All things consider that walking releases 56 grams of CO2, about twice as much as cycling.
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Despite that, walking is still very healthy and certainly a lot better than a car.
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You see, they may be useful, but cars are big polluters.
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Internal combustion cars are very inefficient, especially when useful for journeys.
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Everything is a lot more polluting, from manufacturing, driving and later recycling.
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Look, carbon footprint of an average car is around 200 grams of CO2 per kilometer.
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That adds up to be 11 times more than a regular bike.
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That is not even mentioning the room that needs to be made for car infrastructure.
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are cutting down forests in order to build more roads and parking spaces, right?
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Hundreds of tons of CO2 are released out of those processes.
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Roads also require maintenance, which is even more polluting and costly.
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On the other hand, bicycle lanes are much smaller and require a lot less maintenance.
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Look, that's why electric cars won't fix anything.
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They still waste space and destroy roads.
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Yes, they have carbon footprint of 90 grams of CO2 per kilometer, which is a lot smaller than a regular car, but they aren't the right solution.
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Last, but not least, let's take a look at the bus.
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Lots of people are being carried, and their lifespan is quite long.
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However, they suffer from high fuel consumption, making their carbon footprint around 100 grams of CO2 per kilometer, slightly more than an e-car.
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As we saw, cycling really is the eco-friendliest way of transport, right?
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If we only used bikes, what would be the impact on the environment?
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In 1940s British cycled 6 times more than in 2020s.
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If they would cycle today as much as in 40s, carbon emissions would be reduced for 7.7 million tons of CO2 per year.
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That is equivalent to 13 million flights from London to New York.
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That is not even considering other countries.
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Look, if we replaced most of the short trips with bike everywhere, carbon emissions would be lower significantly.
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Let's not forget that noise pollution is also a problem which bikes would be able to solve.
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To conclude, cycling is the cleanest mode of transport, right?
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They also offer tons of other benefits such as stress reduction, better health and affordability.
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If you are more interested in this topic, make sure to check out the links in the description.
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Thank you guys so much for watching and remember that even small actions can have a big impact.
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Perfect.

Từ vựng và ghi chú luyện nói cho bài học này

Video này có 67 câu và 884 từ để luyện shadowing. Phần lời nói dài 5:13. Người nói nói với tốc độ tự nhiên, khoảng 170 từ mỗi phút, gần với hội thoại hằng ngày. 82% số từ nằm trong 3.000 từ tiếng Anh thông dụng nhất; phần còn lại nên xem trước khi luyện.

Từ vựng quan trọng trong video

15 từ ít gặp trong video, kèm phiên âm và nghĩa:

  • ton /tʌn/ (danh từ) — tấn. The short ton of 2000 pounds (about 907 kg), 20 hundredweights of 100 pounds avoirdupois each.
  • gram /ˈɡɹæm/ (danh từ) — gam. A unit of mass equal to one-thousandth of a kilogram. Symbol: g.
  • calorie /ˈkæləɹi/ (danh từ) — ca-lo, ca-lo-ri. A non-SI unit of energy, equivalent to 4.184 kilojoules, that can raise the temperature of a kilogram of water by one degree Celsius. This is the unit normally…
  • topic /ˈtɑpɪk/ (danh từ) — chủ đề. A subject; a theme; a category or general area of interest.
  • differ /ˈdɪfɚ/ (động từ) — khác, không giống. Not to have the same traits or characteristics; to be unalike or distinct.
  • weigh /weɪ/ (động từ) — cân, đo. To determine the weight of an object.
  • infrastructure /ˈɪnfɹəˌstɹʌkt͡ʃə/ (danh từ) — cơ sở hạ tầng. An underlying base or foundation for a building, organization, or system.
  • compare /kəmˈpɛɚ/ (động từ) — so sánh, so. To assess the similarities and differences between two or more things [“to compare X with Y”]. Having made the comparison of X with Y, one might have found it…
  • suffer /ˈsʌfɚ/ (động từ) — chịu đựng. To undergo hardship.
  • solve /sɒlv/ (động từ) — giải quyết. To find an answer or solution to a problem or question; to work out.
  • generate /ˈd͡ʒɛn.ə.ɹeɪt/ (động từ) — sinh ra, gây ra. To bring into being; give rise to.
  • depend /dɪˈpɛnd/ (động từ) — phụ thuộc. To be contingent or conditioned; to have something as a necessary condition
  • pollution /pəˈluʃən/ (danh từ) — sự ô nhiễm. Physical contamination, now especially the contamination of the environment by harmful substances, or by disruptive levels of noise, light etc.
  • bicycle /ˈbaɪsɪk(ə)l/ (danh từ) — xe đạp. A vehicle that has two primary wheels, one behind the other, a steering handle, and a saddle seat or seats and is usually propelled by the action of a rider’s…
  • consume /kənˈsum/ (động từ) — dùng, tiêu thụ. To use up.

Cụm động từ bạn sẽ nghe

  • check out (động từ) — tính tiền, trả phòng. To record the departure or withdrawal of someone or something (such as guests, employees, books, etc.).

Phát âm cần chú ý

Người nói dùng 7 dạng rút gọn, ví dụ aren't, won't, I'm. Hãy nói theo dạng ngắn đúng như bạn nghe.

  • Âm “sh” và “zh”: emission /ɪˈmɪʃ.ən/, efficient /ɪˈfɪʃənt/, reduction /ɹɪˈdʌk.ʃən/, consumption /kənˈsʌmp.ʃən/, pollution /pəˈluʃən/
  • Từ dài — đặt trọng âm cho đúng: infrastructure /ˈɪnfɹəˌstɹʌkt͡ʃə/, electricity /ɪˌlɛkˈtɹɪsɪti/, simplicity /sɪmˈplɪsɪti/, kilometre /kɪˈlɑmɪtəɹ/, inefficient /ˌɪn.ɪˈfɪʃ.ənt/

Cách luyện với video này

  1. Nghe hết video một lần, chưa cần nói, và ghi lại những từ bạn chưa biết.
  2. Bắt đầu ở tốc độ 0,75×, nói đuổi từng câu, rồi quay lại tốc độ bình thường khi đã quen.
  3. Ghi âm giọng mình rồi so với bản gốc, chú ý các từ như ton, gram, calorie.

Ngữ pháp trong video

Những cấu trúc người nói dùng nhiều nhất, kèm đúng cụm từ trong video:

Cấu trúcTrong video
Câu bị động be + quá khứ phân từ — nhấn vào việc xảy ra, không phải người làmare generated · will be shown · are made
Mệnh đề quan hệ who / which + mệnh đề — thêm thông tin về người hoặc vậtenough, which is · maintenance, which is · kilometer, which is

Phương Pháp Shadowing Là Gì?

Shadowing là kỹ thuật học ngôn ngữ có cơ sở khoa học, ban đầu được phát triển cho chương trình đào tạo phiên dịch viên chuyên nghiệp và được phổ biến rộng rãi bởi nhà đa ngôn ngữ học Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Nguyên lý cốt lõi đơn giản nhưng cực kỳ hiệu quả: bạn nghe tiếng Anh của người bản xứ và lặp lại to ngay lập tức — như một "cái bóng" (shadow) đuổi theo người nói với độ trễ chỉ 1–2 giây. Khác với luyện ngữ pháp hay học từ vựng bị động, Shadowing buộc não bộ và cơ miệng phải đồng thời xử lý và tái tạo ngôn ngữ thực tế. Các nghiên cứu khoa học xác nhận phương pháp này cải thiện đáng kể phát âm, ngữ điệu, nhịp điệu, nối âm, kỹ năng nghe và độ lưu loát khi nói — đặc biệt hiệu quả cho người luyện IELTS Speaking và muốn giao tiếp tiếng Anh tự nhiên như người bản ngữ.

Phương pháp shadowing: đọc hướng dẫn từng bước đầy đủ →