跟讀練習: Can cycling reduce global warming? - 通過影片學習英語口語
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67 句
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We all know that bikes are good for our planet, right?
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But how good are they really?
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In order to better understand this topic, I'm going to explain what is a carbon footprint.
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You see, a carbon footprint is the total amount of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide
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and methane that are generated by our actions.
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Globally, the average yearly carbon footprint per person is around 4 tons, though in United States is closer to 16 tons.
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That's quite a lot.
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To have the best chance of avoiding a 2 degrees celsius rise in global temperatures, the average global carbon footprint per year needs to drop under 2 tons by 2050.
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But transport emissions aren't falling fast enough, which is why I wanted to see if using a bike could help us.
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So, you may think that cycling does not have any emissions or just a few from manufacturing.
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However, the real emissions will be shown and compared against other types of transport.
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We all know that most of the bikes are made from some kind of metal, right?
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Carbon emissions may differ from the types of metal you are using, but for the sake of simplicity, we'll take the steel bike that weighs around 20 kg.
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To manufacture that bike, 96 kg of CO2 is released into the air.
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That's this not the end though.
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We need to consider all of the calories you burned
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which need to be brought back by food unless you're on a diet.
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For better understanding, imagine Bob.
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He weighs around 70 kg and he's cycling a 30-speed at 16 km per hour.
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He is burning 11 kcal per km more while cycling than if he was laying around.
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This number might seem small though, but if Bob cycles for 1 hour every day, he burns around 1200 extra calories per week.
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He gets that energy back by consuming two extra burgers.
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In order to produce those two burgers, some of CO2 gets released into the air, mainly by food production and transport.
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If we add 96 kg of bike manufacturing emissions,
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average of 1.5 g per calorie in food emissions and that average lifespan of a bike is 90,000 km,
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cycling releases about 21 grams of CO2 each kilometer.
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Uhhh...
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And of course you need to talk about e-bikes.
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We know that manufacturing k-bikes releases more CO2 in the air, right?
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But less calories are burned, so carbon footprint is quite smaller.
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Look, emissions fall to 15 grams of CO2 per kilometer.
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Results may differ depending on the source of electricity, but I was still very surprised about that.
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With that said, buying an e-bike still defeats the purpose of a bike, You won't get nicer legs and you may become fat.
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But the ultimate green way of transport should be walking, right?
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Well, not really.
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Because walking is less efficient, more calories are being burned.
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All things consider that walking releases 56 grams of CO2, about twice as much as cycling.
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Despite that, walking is still very healthy and certainly a lot better than a car.
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You see, they may be useful, but cars are big polluters.
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Internal combustion cars are very inefficient, especially when useful for journeys.
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Everything is a lot more polluting, from manufacturing, driving and later recycling.
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Look, carbon footprint of an average car is around 200 grams of CO2 per kilometer.
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That adds up to be 11 times more than a regular bike.
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That is not even mentioning the room that needs to be made for car infrastructure.
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are cutting down forests in order to build more roads and parking spaces, right?
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Hundreds of tons of CO2 are released out of those processes.
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Roads also require maintenance, which is even more polluting and costly.
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On the other hand, bicycle lanes are much smaller and require a lot less maintenance.
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Look, that's why electric cars won't fix anything.
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They still waste space and destroy roads.
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Yes, they have carbon footprint of 90 grams of CO2 per kilometer, which is a lot smaller than a regular car, but they aren't the right solution.
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Last, but not least, let's take a look at the bus.
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Lots of people are being carried, and their lifespan is quite long.
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However, they suffer from high fuel consumption, making their carbon footprint around 100 grams of CO2 per kilometer, slightly more than an e-car.
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As we saw, cycling really is the eco-friendliest way of transport, right?
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If we only used bikes, what would be the impact on the environment?
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In 1940s British cycled 6 times more than in 2020s.
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If they would cycle today as much as in 40s, carbon emissions would be reduced for 7.7 million tons of CO2 per year.
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That is equivalent to 13 million flights from London to New York.
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That is not even considering other countries.
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Look, if we replaced most of the short trips with bike everywhere, carbon emissions would be lower significantly.
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Let's not forget that noise pollution is also a problem which bikes would be able to solve.
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To conclude, cycling is the cleanest mode of transport, right?
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They also offer tons of other benefits such as stress reduction, better health and affordability.
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If you are more interested in this topic, make sure to check out the links in the description.
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Thank you guys so much for watching and remember that even small actions can have a big impact.
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Perfect.
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本課的詞彙與口語要點
這段影片共有 67 個句子、884 個單詞可供跟讀。 講話部分時長為 5:13。 說話人語速自然，每分鐘約 170 個詞，接近日常對話。 82% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，其餘的詞建議在練習前先學一下。
影片中的重點詞彙
影片中 15 個不太常見的單詞，附發音和釋義：
- emission /ɪˈmɪʃ.ən/ (名詞) — 排放. Something which is emitted or sent out; issue.
- footprint /ˈfʊtpɹɪnt/ (名詞) — 腳印 /腳印, 足印. The impression of the foot in a soft substance such as sand or snow.
- ton /tʌn/ (名詞) — 噸 /噸, 公噸 /公噸. The short ton of 2000 pounds (about 907 kg), 20 hundredweights of 100 pounds avoirdupois each.
- gram /ˈɡɹæm/ (名詞) — 克, 公克. A unit of mass equal to one-thousandth of a kilogram. Symbol: g.
- calorie /ˈkæləɹi/ (名詞) — 卡路里, 卡. A non-SI unit of energy, equivalent to 4.184 kilojoules, that can raise the temperature of a kilogram of water by one degree Celsius. This is the unit normally…
- topic /ˈtɑpɪk/ (名詞) — 主題 /主題, 話題 /話題. A subject; a theme; a category or general area of interest.
- burger /ˈbɝ.ɡɚ/ (名詞) — 漢堡 /漢堡, 漢堡包 /漢堡包. A hamburger.
- differ /ˈdɪfɚ/ (動詞) — 不同, 差別 /差別. Not to have the same traits or characteristics; to be unalike or distinct.
- weigh /weɪ/ (動詞) — 稱重 /稱重. To determine the weight of an object.
- infrastructure /ˈɪnfɹəˌstɹʌkt͡ʃə/ (名詞) — 基礎設施 /基礎設施. An underlying base or foundation for a building, organization, or system.
- compare /kəmˈpɛɚ/ (動詞) — 比, 比較 /比較. To assess the similarities and differences between two or more things [“to compare X with Y”]. Having made the comparison of X with Y, one might have found it…
- suffer /ˈsʌfɚ/ (動詞) — 受苦, 遭受. To undergo hardship.
- efficient /ɪˈfɪʃənt/ (形容詞) — 高效率. Making good, thorough, or careful use of resources; not consuming extra. Especially, making good use of time or energy.
- solve /sɒlv/ (動詞) — 解決 /解決. To find an answer or solution to a problem or question; to work out.
- reduction /ɹɪˈdʌk.ʃən/ (名詞) — 還原 /還原, 還原作用 /還原作用. The act, process, or result of reducing.
影片中出現的短語動詞
- check out (動詞) — 退房. To record the departure or withdrawal of someone or something (such as guests, employees, books, etc.).
- cut down (動詞) — 砍倒. To cut downward.
- look at (動詞) — 觀察 /觀察, 看. To observe or watch.
需要注意的發音
說話人用了 7 次縮略和弱讀形式，例如 aren't, won't, I'm。請按聽到的簡短形式來說。
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: emission /ɪˈmɪʃ.ən/, efficient /ɪˈfɪʃənt/, reduction /ɹɪˈdʌk.ʃən/, consumption /kənˈsʌmp.ʃən/, pollution /pəˈluʃən/
- 長單詞——注意重音位置: infrastructure /ˈɪnfɹəˌstɹʌkt͡ʃə/, electricity /ɪˌlɛkˈtɹɪsɪti/, simplicity /sɪmˈplɪsɪti/, kilometre /kɪˈlɑmɪtəɹ/, inefficient /ˌɪn.ɪˈfɪʃ.ənt/
如何用這段影片練習
- 先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
- 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟讀，熟練之後再回到正常速度。
- 錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 emission, footprint, ton 這類單詞。
影片中的語法
說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：
| 結構 | 影片中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的 | are generated · will be shown · are made |
| 定語從句 who / which + 從句 — 補充說明人或事物 | enough, which is · maintenance, which is · kilometer, which is |
什麼是跟讀法？
跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。