Prática de Shadowing: Can cycling reduce global warming? - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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We all know that bikes are good for our planet, right?
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But how good are they really?
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In order to better understand this topic, I'm going to explain what is a carbon footprint.
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You see, a carbon footprint is the total amount of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide
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and methane that are generated by our actions.
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Globally, the average yearly carbon footprint per person is around 4 tons, though in United States is closer to 16 tons.
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That's quite a lot.
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To have the best chance of avoiding a 2 degrees celsius rise in global temperatures, the average global carbon footprint per year needs to drop under 2 tons by 2050.
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But transport emissions aren't falling fast enough, which is why I wanted to see if using a bike could help us.
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So, you may think that cycling does not have any emissions or just a few from manufacturing.
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However, the real emissions will be shown and compared against other types of transport.
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We all know that most of the bikes are made from some kind of metal, right?
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Carbon emissions may differ from the types of metal you are using, but for the sake of simplicity, we'll take the steel bike that weighs around 20 kg.
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To manufacture that bike, 96 kg of CO2 is released into the air.
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That's this not the end though.
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We need to consider all of the calories you burned
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which need to be brought back by food unless you're on a diet.
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For better understanding, imagine Bob.
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He weighs around 70 kg and he's cycling a 30-speed at 16 km per hour.
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He is burning 11 kcal per km more while cycling than if he was laying around.
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This number might seem small though, but if Bob cycles for 1 hour every day, he burns around 1200 extra calories per week.
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He gets that energy back by consuming two extra burgers.
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In order to produce those two burgers, some of CO2 gets released into the air, mainly by food production and transport.
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If we add 96 kg of bike manufacturing emissions,
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average of 1.5 g per calorie in food emissions and that average lifespan of a bike is 90,000 km,
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cycling releases about 21 grams of CO2 each kilometer.
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Uhhh...
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And of course you need to talk about e-bikes.
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We know that manufacturing k-bikes releases more CO2 in the air, right?
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But less calories are burned, so carbon footprint is quite smaller.
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Look, emissions fall to 15 grams of CO2 per kilometer.
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Results may differ depending on the source of electricity, but I was still very surprised about that.
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With that said, buying an e-bike still defeats the purpose of a bike, You won't get nicer legs and you may become fat.
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But the ultimate green way of transport should be walking, right?
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Well, not really.
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Because walking is less efficient, more calories are being burned.
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All things consider that walking releases 56 grams of CO2, about twice as much as cycling.
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Despite that, walking is still very healthy and certainly a lot better than a car.
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You see, they may be useful, but cars are big polluters.
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Internal combustion cars are very inefficient, especially when useful for journeys.
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Everything is a lot more polluting, from manufacturing, driving and later recycling.
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Look, carbon footprint of an average car is around 200 grams of CO2 per kilometer.
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That adds up to be 11 times more than a regular bike.
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That is not even mentioning the room that needs to be made for car infrastructure.
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are cutting down forests in order to build more roads and parking spaces, right?
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Hundreds of tons of CO2 are released out of those processes.
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Roads also require maintenance, which is even more polluting and costly.
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On the other hand, bicycle lanes are much smaller and require a lot less maintenance.
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Look, that's why electric cars won't fix anything.
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They still waste space and destroy roads.
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Yes, they have carbon footprint of 90 grams of CO2 per kilometer, which is a lot smaller than a regular car, but they aren't the right solution.
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Last, but not least, let's take a look at the bus.
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Lots of people are being carried, and their lifespan is quite long.
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However, they suffer from high fuel consumption, making their carbon footprint around 100 grams of CO2 per kilometer, slightly more than an e-car.
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As we saw, cycling really is the eco-friendliest way of transport, right?
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If we only used bikes, what would be the impact on the environment?
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In 1940s British cycled 6 times more than in 2020s.
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If they would cycle today as much as in 40s, carbon emissions would be reduced for 7.7 million tons of CO2 per year.
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That is equivalent to 13 million flights from London to New York.
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That is not even considering other countries.
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Look, if we replaced most of the short trips with bike everywhere, carbon emissions would be lower significantly.
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Let's not forget that noise pollution is also a problem which bikes would be able to solve.
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To conclude, cycling is the cleanest mode of transport, right?
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They also offer tons of other benefits such as stress reduction, better health and affordability.
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If you are more interested in this topic, make sure to check out the links in the description.
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Thank you guys so much for watching and remember that even small actions can have a big impact.
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Perfect.
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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Este vídeo tem 67 frases e 884 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 5:13. O falante fala em ritmo natural, cerca de 170 palavras por minuto, próximo de uma conversa do dia a dia. 82% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês; vale a pena estudar o restante antes de começar.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
15 palavras menos comuns do vídeo, com pronúncia e significado:
- emission /ɪˈmɪʃ.ən/ (substantivo) — emissão. Something which is emitted or sent out; issue.
- footprint /ˈfʊtpɹɪnt/ (substantivo) — pegada. The impression of the foot in a soft substance such as sand or snow.
- ton /tʌn/ (substantivo) — tonelada. The short ton of 2000 pounds (about 907 kg), 20 hundredweights of 100 pounds avoirdupois each.
- gram /ˈɡɹæm/ (substantivo) — grama. A unit of mass equal to one-thousandth of a kilogram. Symbol: g.
- calorie /ˈkæləɹi/ (substantivo) — caloria. A non-SI unit of energy, equivalent to 4.184 kilojoules, that can raise the temperature of a kilogram of water by one degree Celsius. This is the unit normally…
- topic /ˈtɑpɪk/ (substantivo) — tópico, assunto. A subject; a theme; a category or general area of interest.
- burger /ˈbɝ.ɡɚ/ (substantivo) — búrguer, xis. A hamburger.
- differ /ˈdɪfɚ/ (verbo) — diferir. Not to have the same traits or characteristics; to be unalike or distinct.
- weigh /weɪ/ (verbo) — pesar. To determine the weight of an object.
- infrastructure /ˈɪnfɹəˌstɹʌkt͡ʃə/ (substantivo) — infraestrutura. An underlying base or foundation for a building, organization, or system.
- compare /kəmˈpɛɚ/ (verbo) — comparar. To assess the similarities and differences between two or more things [“to compare X with Y”]. Having made the comparison of X with Y, one might have found it…
- suffer /ˈsʌfɚ/ (verbo) — sofrer. To undergo hardship.
- electricity /ɪˌlɛkˈtɹɪsɪti/ (substantivo) — eletricidade. Originally, a property of amber and certain other nonconducting substances to attract lightweight material when rubbed, or the cause of this property; now…
- efficient /ɪˈfɪʃənt/ (adjetivo) — eficiente. Making good, thorough, or careful use of resources; not consuming extra. Especially, making good use of time or energy.
- solve /sɒlv/ (verbo) — resolver, solucionar. To find an answer or solution to a problem or question; to work out.
Phrasal verbs que você vai ouvir
- check out (verbo) — verificar, sacar só. To record the departure or withdrawal of someone or something (such as guests, employees, books, etc.).
- look at (verbo) — observar, ver. To observe or watch.
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
O falante usa 7 contrações e formas reduzidas, como aren't, won't, I'm. Diga-as na forma curta, do jeito que você ouve.
- Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: emission /ɪˈmɪʃ.ən/, efficient /ɪˈfɪʃənt/, reduction /ɹɪˈdʌk.ʃən/, consumption /kənˈsʌmp.ʃən/, pollution /pəˈluʃən/
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: infrastructure /ˈɪnfɹəˌstɹʌkt͡ʃə/, electricity /ɪˌlɛkˈtɹɪsɪti/, simplicity /sɪmˈplɪsɪti/, kilometre /kɪˈlɑmɪtəɹ/, inefficient /ˌɪn.ɪˈfɪʃ.ənt/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Comece na velocidade 0,75×, faça shadowing frase por frase e volte à velocidade normal quando ficar fácil.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como emission, footprint, ton.
Gramática neste vídeo
As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:
| Estrutura | No vídeo |
|---|---|
| Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem faz | are generated · will be shown · are made |
| Orações relativas who / which + oração — informação extra sobre uma pessoa ou coisa | enough, which is · maintenance, which is · kilometer, which is |
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.