Shadowing Practice: Should social media platforms censor hate speech? | Nadine Strossen | Big Think - Learn English Speaking with Video
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social media platforms present the same issues that we have been grappling with with respect to older media but throughout human history every time a
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new medium of communication comes along many people including many government officials become very exercised about the new power and the allegedly new
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harms that are posed so we went through this when radio was invented when the telephone was invented when television was invented when the world wide web
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came to people's attention and in fact I have read that when the printing press was invented and when papyrus was invented there were similar eruptions of
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fear about this great new power to distribute information and the harm that can be done through information and disinformation so I think it's really
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important for us to have historic humility and not see what we're what we're going through now is inherently different and more dangerous than the
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past and I think that the same fundamental principles that have applied to other media should apply to social media as well first of all as private
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sector entities social media companies have absolutely no legal obligation to respect First Amendment rights free speech rights for anybody else so just
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as I have no right to participate in your wonderful film and I have no right to have an op-ed in the New York Times I have no right to have my post displayed
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on Facebook or Twitter and so forth moreover those companies have their own First Amendment rights to make their own editorial decisions about what
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expression they are going to allow on their platform and what they're not going to allow is somebody who defend free speech right for media company so along with other companies would oppose government
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restriction on the ability of these companies to decide what they will air and what they will not air however I will raise my voice to urge these
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companies to adhere as closely as as feasible to the same basic standards that are reflected in the First Amendment because I think that for all
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of the potential damage that can be done by various kinds of online communications including disinformation and so-called fake news and political
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ads and so forth that far more harm is done when we empower these largely unaccountable private sector you know really powerful entities to pick and
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choose what expression is going to be aired and what will not be aired and that danger is especially great when we are talking about political speech the
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Supreme Court has consistently said throughout history of all expression that is important in our system of government by far the most important is
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speech about public affairs speech about politics We the People to quote the opening words of our Constitution we wield sovereign power but how can we do
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that responsibly or effectively if we do not have access full access to information about those who are running for office those who are seeking our
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votes those who are making public policy decisions most of the time when people advocate censorship beyond the emergency situation in which First Amendment law
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allows speech to be censored most of the part-time people talk about the harm that speech can cause whether it be dissin formation / fake news or whether
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it be hate speech or whether it be terrorist content and I agree speech have an enormous capacity to do harm as well as an enormous capacity to do good
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we protect it precisely because it is so powerful but the argument 99.9 percent of the time starts and ends with the potential harm of free speech those who
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advocate censorship never examine whether censorship is going to be effective in addressing redressing reducing the harm they never address
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whether censorship to the contrary is going to do more harm than good and every situation that I'm aware of censorship actually ends up being
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ineffective in addressing the harms at stake at best or counterproductive at worse so disinformation well are we going to
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say that empowering mark zuckerberg and the other Titans of Silicon Valley to decide that certain speech is untrue is that actually going to solve our
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political problems I think to the contrary that is as threatening to democracy as it is to individual freedom likewise with respect to so-called hate
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speech that conveys discriminatory ideas against traditionally marginalized or excluded groups every hate speech law around the world to this day is
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disproportional and Forrest consistently against the very minority groups who are hoped to be protected and we shouldn't be surprised at that once you have these
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discretionary standards what is hate speech what is disinformation no two individuals can agree on such inherently subjective concepts and so by definition those who wield power are going to wield
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their discretion in ways that predictably are going to perpetuate their power and not empower those who have traditionally been silenced or
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marginalized
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Woordenschat en spreektips bij deze les
Deze spreekles op niveau C1 is gebaseerd op de video “Should social media platforms censor hate speech?”. Deze woorden komen het vaakst terug: speech, harm, censorship, invented, companies. Deze video bevat 33 zinnen en 833 woorden om na te spreken. Het gesproken deel duurt 6:39. De spreker praat in een gelijkmatig tempo van ongeveer 125 woorden per minuut, prettig om te shadowen. 85% van de woorden hoort bij de 3.000 meest gebruikte Engelse woorden; de rest kun je beter vooraf bekijken.
Belangrijke woorden in deze video
De 15 moeilijkste woorden uit de video, met uitspraak en betekenis:
| Woord | Uitspraak | Betekenis |
|---|---|---|
| invent werkwoord | /ɪnˈvɛnt/ | uitvinden, uitdenken |
| censorship zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈsɛnsɚʃɪp/ | censuur |
| disinformation zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˌdɪsɪnfəˈmeɪʃ(ə)n/ | desinformatie |
| wield werkwoord | /wiːld/ | beheersen, hanteren |
| empower werkwoord | /ɪmˈpaʊ.ə/ | volmacht geven, machtigen |
| marginalize werkwoord | /ˈmɑɹdʒɪnəlaɪz/ | marginaliseren |
| traditionally bijwoord | /tɹəˈdɪʃ.ə.nə.li/ | traditioneel |
| censor zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈsɛnsɚ/ | censor |
| counterproductive bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ˌkaʊntəpɹəˈdʌktɪv/ | averechts |
| discriminatory bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /dɪsˈkɹɪmɪnəˌtɔɹi/ | discriminatoir |
| grapple werkwoord | /ˈɡɹæpəl/ | vastgrijpen, grijpen |
| papyrus zelfstandig naamwoord | /pəˈpaɪɹəs/ | papyrus |
| perpetuate werkwoord | /pɚˈpɛt͡ʃəˌweɪt/ | vereeuwigen |
| unaccountable bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ˌʌnəˈkaʊntəbl̩/ | onverklaarbaar |
| untrue bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ʌnˈtɹuː/ | onwaar |
Phrasal verbs die je zult horen
| Woord | Betekenis |
|---|---|
| end up werkwoord | belanden, terechtkomen |
Grammatica in deze video
De structuren die de spreker het meest gebruikt, met de exacte woorden uit de video:
| Structuur | In de video |
|---|---|
| Lijdende vorm be + voltooid deelwoord — het gaat om wat er gebeurt, niet om wie het doet | are posed · was invented · can be done |
| Betrekkelijke bijzinnen who / which + zin — extra informatie over een persoon of ding | somebody who defend · those who are · those who wield |
| Present perfect have/has + voltooid deelwoord — iets uit het verleden dat nu nog telt | have read · have applied |
Uitspraak om op te letten
De spreker gebruikt 5 samentrekkingen en verkorte vormen, zoals we're, I'm, shouldn't. Spreek ze kort uit, zoals je ze hoort.
- De klanken “sh” en “zh”: censorship /ˈsɛnsɚʃɪp/, disinformation /ˌdɪsɪnfəˈmeɪʃ(ə)n/, traditionally /tɹəˈdɪʃ.ə.nə.li/, discretionary /dɪsˈkɹɛʃəˌnɛɹi/, disproportional [dɪspɹəˈpɔːʃənəɫ]
- Lange woorden — let op de klemtoon: disinformation /ˌdɪsɪnfəˈmeɪʃ(ə)n/, marginalize /ˈmɑɹdʒɪnəlaɪz/, inherently /ɪnˈhɛɹəntli/, traditionally /tɹəˈdɪʃ.ə.nə.li/, counterproductive /ˌkaʊntəpɹəˈdʌktɪv/
Klanken die Nederlandstaligen lastig vinden:
- Stemhebbende eindmedeklinker — /b/, /d/, /g/, /z/, /v/ niet verscherpen: wield /wiːld/, marginalize /ˈmɑɹdʒɪnəlaɪz/, counterproductive /ˌkaʊntəpɹəˈdʌktɪv/, ineffective /ˌɪn.ɪˈfɛk.tɪv/, exclude /ɪksˈkluːd/
- /æ/ — opener dan de Nederlandse “e”: grapple /ˈɡɹæpəl/, adhere /ædˈhɪə/
- /g/ — een harde plofklank, geen Nederlandse “g”: grapple /ˈɡɹæpəl/, obligation /ˌɑ.blɪˈɡeɪ.ʃn̩/
Zo oefen je met deze video
- Luister de hele video één keer zonder te spreken en noteer de woorden die je niet kent.
- Spreek zin voor zin na op normale snelheid en herhaal elke zin tot je ritme gelijk is aan dat van de spreker.
- Neem jezelf op en vergelijk met het origineel; let daarbij op woorden als invent, censorship, disinformation.
Wat is de Shadowing-techniek?
Shadowing is een wetenschappelijk onderbouwde taalleermethode die oorspronkelijk is ontwikkeld voor professionele tolkentraining en gepopulariseerd door polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. De methode is eenvoudig maar krachtig: je luistert naar native Engelse audio en herhaalt het onmiddellijk hardop — als een schaduw die de spreker volgt met slechts 1–2 seconden vertraging. In tegenstelling tot passief luisteren of grammaticadrills, dwingt shadowing je hersenen en mondspieren om echte spraakpatronen tegelijkertijd te verwerken en te reproduceren. Onderzoek toont aan dat het de uitspraaknauwkeurigheid, intonatie, ritme, verbonden spraak, luisterbegrip en spreekvaardigheid aanzienlijk verbetert — waardoor het een van de meest effectieve methoden is voor IELTS Speaking-voorbereiding en echte Engelse communicatie.