跟读练习: Should social media platforms censor hate speech? | Nadine Strossen | Big Think - 通过视频学习英语口语
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social media platforms present the same issues that we have been grappling with with respect to older media but throughout human history every time a
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new medium of communication comes along many people including many government officials become very exercised about the new power and the allegedly new
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harms that are posed so we went through this when radio was invented when the telephone was invented when television was invented when the world wide web
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came to people's attention and in fact I have read that when the printing press was invented and when papyrus was invented there were similar eruptions of
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fear about this great new power to distribute information and the harm that can be done through information and disinformation so I think it's really
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important for us to have historic humility and not see what we're what we're going through now is inherently different and more dangerous than the
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past and I think that the same fundamental principles that have applied to other media should apply to social media as well first of all as private
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sector entities social media companies have absolutely no legal obligation to respect First Amendment rights free speech rights for anybody else so just
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as I have no right to participate in your wonderful film and I have no right to have an op-ed in the New York Times I have no right to have my post displayed
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on Facebook or Twitter and so forth moreover those companies have their own First Amendment rights to make their own editorial decisions about what
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expression they are going to allow on their platform and what they're not going to allow is somebody who defend free speech right for media company so along with other companies would oppose government
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restriction on the ability of these companies to decide what they will air and what they will not air however I will raise my voice to urge these
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companies to adhere as closely as as feasible to the same basic standards that are reflected in the First Amendment because I think that for all
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of the potential damage that can be done by various kinds of online communications including disinformation and so-called fake news and political
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ads and so forth that far more harm is done when we empower these largely unaccountable private sector you know really powerful entities to pick and
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choose what expression is going to be aired and what will not be aired and that danger is especially great when we are talking about political speech the
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Supreme Court has consistently said throughout history of all expression that is important in our system of government by far the most important is
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speech about public affairs speech about politics We the People to quote the opening words of our Constitution we wield sovereign power but how can we do
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that responsibly or effectively if we do not have access full access to information about those who are running for office those who are seeking our
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votes those who are making public policy decisions most of the time when people advocate censorship beyond the emergency situation in which First Amendment law
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allows speech to be censored most of the part-time people talk about the harm that speech can cause whether it be dissin formation / fake news or whether
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it be hate speech or whether it be terrorist content and I agree speech have an enormous capacity to do harm as well as an enormous capacity to do good
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we protect it precisely because it is so powerful but the argument 99.9 percent of the time starts and ends with the potential harm of free speech those who
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advocate censorship never examine whether censorship is going to be effective in addressing redressing reducing the harm they never address
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whether censorship to the contrary is going to do more harm than good and every situation that I'm aware of censorship actually ends up being
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ineffective in addressing the harms at stake at best or counterproductive at worse so disinformation well are we going to
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say that empowering mark zuckerberg and the other Titans of Silicon Valley to decide that certain speech is untrue is that actually going to solve our
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political problems I think to the contrary that is as threatening to democracy as it is to individual freedom likewise with respect to so-called hate
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speech that conveys discriminatory ideas against traditionally marginalized or excluded groups every hate speech law around the world to this day is
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disproportional and Forrest consistently against the very minority groups who are hoped to be protected and we shouldn't be surprised at that once you have these
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discretionary standards what is hate speech what is disinformation no two individuals can agree on such inherently subjective concepts and so by definition those who wield power are going to wield
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their discretion in ways that predictably are going to perpetuate their power and not empower those who have traditionally been silenced or
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marginalized
关于本课
在本课中，学习者将通过观看与社交媒体言论审查相关的讨论视频，练习英语口语技能。视频中，娜丁·斯托森（Nadine Strossen）分享了关于言论自由和社会媒体平台的历史视角。学习者将有机会了解在新媒体环境中言论审查的挑战，以及如何在这样的复杂讨论中使用英语表达个人观点。这节课特别适合希望提高自己的英语口语和理解能力的学习者，尤其是那些准备参与社会话题讨论的学习者。
关键词汇与短语
- 社交媒体平台 (social media platforms)
- 言论自由 (free speech)
- 审查制度 (censorship)
- 信息失实 (disinformation)
- 仇恨言论 (hate speech)
- 公众事务 (public affairs)
- 政治言论 (political speech)
- 边际化群体 (marginalized groups)
练习技巧
在进行看YouTube学英语时，建议学习者采取影子跟读的方式进行练习。在观看视频时，可以暂停并尽量模仿娜丁的语调和语速。通过英语影子跟读，学习者不仅能够提高口语流利度，还可以加强对如何在复杂的语言环境中表达观点的理解。建议每次观看时将注意力集中在她如何构建句子、使用重音和语调上，从而获取对话的真实语境。随着时间的推移，学习者将能够更自信地参与社交媒体讨论，并在表达自己的观点时使用更丰富的词汇和句型。记得在练习的时候保持评价的开放心态，不断调整自己的发音和表达方式，以达到最佳效果。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。