Shadowing Practice: Should social media platforms censor hate speech? | Nadine Strossen | Big Think - Learn English Speaking with Video
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social media platforms present the same issues that we have been grappling with with respect to older media but throughout human history every time a
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new medium of communication comes along many people including many government officials become very exercised about the new power and the allegedly new
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harms that are posed so we went through this when radio was invented when the telephone was invented when television was invented when the world wide web
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came to people's attention and in fact I have read that when the printing press was invented and when papyrus was invented there were similar eruptions of
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fear about this great new power to distribute information and the harm that can be done through information and disinformation so I think it's really
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important for us to have historic humility and not see what we're what we're going through now is inherently different and more dangerous than the
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past and I think that the same fundamental principles that have applied to other media should apply to social media as well first of all as private
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sector entities social media companies have absolutely no legal obligation to respect First Amendment rights free speech rights for anybody else so just
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as I have no right to participate in your wonderful film and I have no right to have an op-ed in the New York Times I have no right to have my post displayed
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on Facebook or Twitter and so forth moreover those companies have their own First Amendment rights to make their own editorial decisions about what
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expression they are going to allow on their platform and what they're not going to allow is somebody who defend free speech right for media company so along with other companies would oppose government
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restriction on the ability of these companies to decide what they will air and what they will not air however I will raise my voice to urge these
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companies to adhere as closely as as feasible to the same basic standards that are reflected in the First Amendment because I think that for all
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of the potential damage that can be done by various kinds of online communications including disinformation and so-called fake news and political
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ads and so forth that far more harm is done when we empower these largely unaccountable private sector you know really powerful entities to pick and
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choose what expression is going to be aired and what will not be aired and that danger is especially great when we are talking about political speech the
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Supreme Court has consistently said throughout history of all expression that is important in our system of government by far the most important is
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speech about public affairs speech about politics We the People to quote the opening words of our Constitution we wield sovereign power but how can we do
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that responsibly or effectively if we do not have access full access to information about those who are running for office those who are seeking our
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votes those who are making public policy decisions most of the time when people advocate censorship beyond the emergency situation in which First Amendment law
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allows speech to be censored most of the part-time people talk about the harm that speech can cause whether it be dissin formation / fake news or whether
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it be hate speech or whether it be terrorist content and I agree speech have an enormous capacity to do harm as well as an enormous capacity to do good
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we protect it precisely because it is so powerful but the argument 99.9 percent of the time starts and ends with the potential harm of free speech those who
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advocate censorship never examine whether censorship is going to be effective in addressing redressing reducing the harm they never address
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whether censorship to the contrary is going to do more harm than good and every situation that I'm aware of censorship actually ends up being
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ineffective in addressing the harms at stake at best or counterproductive at worse so disinformation well are we going to
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say that empowering mark zuckerberg and the other Titans of Silicon Valley to decide that certain speech is untrue is that actually going to solve our
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political problems I think to the contrary that is as threatening to democracy as it is to individual freedom likewise with respect to so-called hate
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speech that conveys discriminatory ideas against traditionally marginalized or excluded groups every hate speech law around the world to this day is
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disproportional and Forrest consistently against the very minority groups who are hoped to be protected and we shouldn't be surprised at that once you have these
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discretionary standards what is hate speech what is disinformation no two individuals can agree on such inherently subjective concepts and so by definition those who wield power are going to wield
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their discretion in ways that predictably are going to perpetuate their power and not empower those who have traditionally been silenced or
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marginalized
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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección
Esta lección de conversación de nivel C1 se basa en el vídeo “Should social media platforms censor hate speech?”. Las palabras que más se repiten: speech, harm, censorship, invented, companies. Este vídeo tiene 33 frases y 833 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 6:39. El hablante mantiene un ritmo constante de unas 125 palabras por minuto, cómodo para el shadowing. El 85 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés; conviene repasar el resto antes de empezar.
Vocabulario clave de este vídeo
Las 15 palabras más avanzadas del vídeo, con su pronunciación y significado:
| Palabra | Pronunciación | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| invent verbo | /ɪnˈvɛnt/ | inventar |
| censorship sustantivo | /ˈsɛnsɚʃɪp/ | censura |
| disinformation sustantivo | /ˌdɪsɪnfəˈmeɪʃ(ə)n/ | desinformación |
| wield verbo | /wiːld/ | manejar, empuñar |
| empower verbo | /ɪmˈpaʊ.ə/ | apoderar, dar permiso |
| marginalize verbo | /ˈmɑɹdʒɪnəlaɪz/ | marginar |
| inherently adverbio | /ɪnˈhɛɹəntli/ | inherentemente |
| traditionally adverbio | /tɹəˈdɪʃ.ə.nə.li/ | tradicionalmente |
| censor sustantivo | /ˈsɛnsɚ/ | censor, censora |
| counterproductive adjetivo | /ˌkaʊntəpɹəˈdʌktɪv/ | contraproducente, contraproductivo |
| discretionary adjetivo | /dɪsˈkɹɛʃəˌnɛɹi/ | discrecional |
| discriminatory adjetivo | /dɪsˈkɹɪmɪnəˌtɔɹi/ | discriminatorio, discriminador |
| grapple verbo | /ˈɡɹæpəl/ | forcejear, forcejar |
| papyrus sustantivo | /pəˈpaɪɹəs/ | papiro |
| perpetuate verbo | /pɚˈpɛt͡ʃəˌweɪt/ | perpetuar |
Phrasal verbs que vas a escuchar
| Palabra | Significado |
|---|---|
| go through verbo | atravesar |
| come along verbo | avanzar, marchar |
| end up verbo | terminar, ir a parar |
Gramática en este vídeo
Las estructuras que más usa el hablante, con las palabras exactas del vídeo:
| Estructura | En el vídeo |
|---|---|
| Voz pasiva be + participio pasado — importa lo que ocurre, no quién lo hace | are posed · was invented · can be done |
| Oraciones de relativo who / which + oración — información extra sobre una persona o cosa | somebody who defend · those who are · those who wield |
| Present perfect have/has + participio pasado — una acción pasada que sigue importando ahora | have read · have applied |
Pronunciación a tener en cuenta
El hablante usa 5 contracciones y formas reducidas, como we're, I'm, shouldn't. Dilas en su forma corta, tal como las oyes.
- Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: censorship /ˈsɛnsɚʃɪp/, disinformation /ˌdɪsɪnfəˈmeɪʃ(ə)n/, traditionally /tɹəˈdɪʃ.ə.nə.li/, discretionary /dɪsˈkɹɛʃəˌnɛɹi/, disproportional [dɪspɹəˈpɔːʃənəɫ]
- Palabras largas — cuida el acento: disinformation /ˌdɪsɪnfəˈmeɪʃ(ə)n/, marginalize /ˈmɑɹdʒɪnəlaɪz/, inherently /ɪnˈhɛɹəntli/, traditionally /tɹəˈdɪʃ.ə.nə.li/, counterproductive /ˌkaʊntəpɹəˈdʌktɪv/
Sonidos difíciles para hispanohablantes:
- /v/ — no es /b/: los dientes tocan el labio inferior: invent /ɪnˈvɛnt/, counterproductive /ˌkaʊntəpɹəˈdʌktɪv/, ineffective /ˌɪn.ɪˈfɛk.tɪv/, subjective /səbˈd͡ʒɛktɪv/, convey /kənˈveɪ/
- /z/ — sonora, no /s/: marginalize /ˈmɑɹdʒɪnəlaɪz/, feasible /ˈfiː.zɪ.bəl/, oppose /əˈpoʊz/, likewise /ˈlaɪkˌwaɪz/
- /dʒ/ — no es la “y” ni la “ch”: marginalize /ˈmɑɹdʒɪnəlaɪz/, subjective /səbˈd͡ʒɛktɪv/, allegedly /əˈlɛdʒ.ɪd.li/
Cómo practicar con este vídeo
- Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
- Haz shadowing frase por frase a velocidad normal, repitiendo cada una hasta que tu ritmo coincida con el del hablante.
- Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como invent, censorship, disinformation.
¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.