Shadowing Practice: Vol 3 - test 5 - section 4 - Learn English Speaking with Video
Les maken...
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Section 4.
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You will hear an extract from a talk entitled Health on the Night Shift.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40 on pages 8 and 9.
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Thank you.
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Good afternoon everybody.
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In this session I want to continue looking at health issues relating to the workplace.
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And I'd like to focus today on night shift workers and the health problems that are associated with their working hours.
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I'm sure you're all aware
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that there has been a huge increase in the number of workers doing regular night shifts in recent years,
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mainly because of the number of shops and services now open 24 hours, seven days a week.
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And we need to look more closely at the consequences of changing work and sleep patterns like this.
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So that's what I'd like us to do today.
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Now, research that has been carried out in both the U.S
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and Britain on night working suggests that it leads to a lot of health problems for the workers, and they point to three main reasons for this.
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The first one is what they call the internal clock, and this is a basic sort of program in our brains.
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This tells us that at certain times we should feel hungry, at other times we should be awake, at other times we should be asleep, and so on.
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And it seems to be generally accepted by all the experts in the field
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that this clock is linked to not just our behavioral habits, but to cycles of light and dark.
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And that means that we're programmed to be awake when it's light, i.e. during the day, and asleep when it's dark.
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The second thing is that night workers are continually fighting against what is termed a sleep debt.
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And by this, the researchers mean
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that it's just practically impossible for them to get a sufficient amount of sleep in daylight hours.
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In fact, studies suggest that on average, night workers only get between five and six hours of sleep rather than the eight they need.
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And the effects of not getting enough sleep can also lead to all sorts of problems, and we'll talk about those in a minute.
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The third cause of these problems is the unsocial hours that night workers have to keep.
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The fact that they are working when their families, their friends are sleeping and vice versa.
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And that kind of dislocation from their social group can be very damaging.
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Okay, so let's take a closer look at some of these effects.
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And if we have a look at the physical effects first, we can see that studies on long-term shift workers found
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that they were much more likely to get heart problems than day workers.
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In addition, there seems to be a very high incidence of stomach problems, for example, ulcers among night shift workers,
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and although this may be partly due to the wrong sort of diet, you know, snacking on fast food,
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it can't be just explained by eating habits.
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And finally, there is evidence to suggest
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that night shift workers also get ill more frequently with minor problems like colds and infections.
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The frequency of these illnesses is much higher than among day workers,
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and this indicates that night working can damage immunity to illness.
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And of course, this leads to a lot of absence from work, too.
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However, although the physical impact of working nights can be severe, perhaps the real problems are psychological ones.
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And the most common problem is depression.
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This seems to be the inevitable result of the constant feeling of tiredness
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and a lack of energy that night workers universally complain of.
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Secondly, there is a lot of evidence from accident statistics to suggest that mental abilities are badly affected, and that means, for example,
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decision-making ability and planning ability.
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and these are what control our performance.
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For example, we can see that the highest number of errors on the roads occur between 3 a.m and 5 a.m.,
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the point in our internal clock when we feel most sleepy.
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Okay, finally, there are the social problems where night working impacts on the family and social life of the employees.
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The first one is obviously the breakup of family life
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and here we can see from the divorce statistics that this occurs more frequently in the case of night workers.
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But there's also the breakdown of other relationships, not just within the family, but among the peer group.
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Night workers tend to lose touch with friends, and these relationships, especially for the long-term night workers,
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are very difficult to rebuild.
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And so this eventually leads to social isolation for the individual, and of course that has consequences for the whole community too.
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So we can begin to see the real cost of nightworking.
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What we need to do now is to look at how...
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That is the end of Section 4.
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You now have half a minute to check your answers.
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Thank you.
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Thank you.
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Thank you.
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Woordenschat en spreektips bij deze les
Deze spreekles op niveau B2 is gebaseerd op de video “Vol 3 - test 5 - section 4”. Deze woorden komen het vaakst terug: workers, shift, sleep, suggest, lead. Deze video bevat 61 zinnen en 838 woorden om na te spreken. Het gesproken deel duurt 7:35. De spreker praat in een gelijkmatig tempo van ongeveer 111 woorden per minuut, prettig om te shadowen. 89% van de woorden hoort bij de 3.000 meest gebruikte Engelse woorden, dus de woordenschat is goed te volgen.
Belangrijke woorden in deze video
De 15 moeilijkste woorden uit de video, met uitspraak en betekenis:
| Woord | Uitspraak | Betekenis |
|---|---|---|
| consequence zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈkɑn.sɪ.kwəns/ | gevolg, consequentie |
| awake werkwoord | /əˈweɪk/ | ontwaken |
| dislocation zelfstandig naamwoord | /dɪsləʊˈkeɪʃn̩/ | ontwrichting, luxatie |
| nightwork zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈnʌɪtwəːk/ | nachtwerk |
| tiredness zelfstandig naamwoord | vermoeidheid | |
| breakup zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈbɹeɪk.ʌp/ | relatiebreuk |
| sleepy bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ˈsliːpi/ | slaperig |
| daylight zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈdeɪˌlaɪt/ | daglicht |
| snack zelfstandig naamwoord | /snæk/ | tussendoortje |
| rebuild werkwoord | /ɹiːˈbɪld/ | heropbouwen, wederopbouwen |
| immunity zelfstandig naamwoord | /ɪˈmjuːnəti/ | immuniteit |
| researcher zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/ | onderzoeker |
| isolation zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˌaɪsəˈleɪʃən/ | isolatie |
| extract zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈɛkstɹækt/ | fragment |
| workplace zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈwɝkˌpleɪs/ | werkplek, arbeidsplaats |
Grammatica in deze video
De structuren die de spreker het meest gebruikt, met de exacte woorden uit de video:
| Structuur | In de video |
|---|---|
| Lijdende vorm be + voltooid deelwoord — het gaat om wat er gebeurt, niet om wie het doet | are associated · has been carried · is linked |
| Present perfect have/has + voltooid deelwoord — iets uit het verleden dat nu nog telt | has been · has been carried |
Uitspraak om op te letten
De spreker gebruikt 7 samentrekkingen en verkorte vormen, zoals I'd, can't, I'm. Spreek ze kort uit, zoals je ze hoort.
- De klanken “sh” en “zh”: dislocation /dɪsləʊˈkeɪʃn̩/, isolation /ˌaɪsəˈleɪʃən/
- Lange woorden — let op de klemtoon: universally /ˌjunɪˈvɝsəli/, behavioral /bɪˈheɪvjəɹəl/, immunity /ɪˈmjuːnəti/, continually /kənˈtɪnjuəli/, isolation /ˌaɪsəˈleɪʃən/
Klanken die Nederlandstaligen lastig vinden:
- /æ/ — opener dan de Nederlandse “e”: snack /snæk/, extract /ˈɛkstɹækt/, practically /ˈpɹæk.tɪ.k(ə.)li/
- /w/ — met ronde lippen: consequence /ˈkɑn.sɪ.kwəns/, awake /əˈweɪk/, nightwork /ˈnʌɪtwəːk/, workplace /ˈwɝkˌpleɪs/
Zo oefen je met deze video
- Luister de hele video één keer zonder te spreken en noteer de woorden die je niet kent.
- Spreek zin voor zin na op normale snelheid en herhaal elke zin tot je ritme gelijk is aan dat van de spreker.
- Neem jezelf op en vergelijk met het origineel; let daarbij op woorden als consequence, awake, dislocation.
Wat is de Shadowing-techniek?
Shadowing is een wetenschappelijk onderbouwde taalleermethode die oorspronkelijk is ontwikkeld voor professionele tolkentraining en gepopulariseerd door polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. De methode is eenvoudig maar krachtig: je luistert naar native Engelse audio en herhaalt het onmiddellijk hardop — als een schaduw die de spreker volgt met slechts 1–2 seconden vertraging. In tegenstelling tot passief luisteren of grammaticadrills, dwingt shadowing je hersenen en mondspieren om echte spraakpatronen tegelijkertijd te verwerken en te reproduceren. Onderzoek toont aan dat het de uitspraaknauwkeurigheid, intonatie, ritme, verbonden spraak, luisterbegrip en spreekvaardigheid aanzienlijk verbetert — waardoor het een van de meest effectieve methoden is voor IELTS Speaking-voorbereiding en echte Engelse communicatie.