跟讀練習: Vol 3 - test 5 - section 4 - 通過影片學習英語口語

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Section 4.

You will hear an extract from a talk entitled Health on the Night Shift.

First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40 on pages 8 and 9.

Thank you.

Good afternoon everybody.

In this session I want to continue looking at health issues relating to the workplace.

And I'd like to focus today on night shift workers and the health problems that are associated with their working hours.

I'm sure you're all aware

that there has been a huge increase in the number of workers doing regular night shifts in recent years,

mainly because of the number of shops and services now open 24 hours, seven days a week.

And we need to look more closely at the consequences of changing work and sleep patterns like this.

So that's what I'd like us to do today.

Now, research that has been carried out in both the U.S

and Britain on night working suggests that it leads to a lot of health problems for the workers, and they point to three main reasons for this.

The first one is what they call the internal clock, and this is a basic sort of program in our brains.

This tells us that at certain times we should feel hungry, at other times we should be awake, at other times we should be asleep, and so on.

And it seems to be generally accepted by all the experts in the field

that this clock is linked to not just our behavioral habits, but to cycles of light and dark.

And that means that we're programmed to be awake when it's light, i.e. during the day, and asleep when it's dark.

The second thing is that night workers are continually fighting against what is termed a sleep debt.

And by this, the researchers mean

that it's just practically impossible for them to get a sufficient amount of sleep in daylight hours.

In fact, studies suggest that on average, night workers only get between five and six hours of sleep rather than the eight they need.

And the effects of not getting enough sleep can also lead to all sorts of problems, and we'll talk about those in a minute.

The third cause of these problems is the unsocial hours that night workers have to keep.

The fact that they are working when their families, their friends are sleeping and vice versa.

And that kind of dislocation from their social group can be very damaging.

Okay, so let's take a closer look at some of these effects.

And if we have a look at the physical effects first, we can see that studies on long-term shift workers found

that they were much more likely to get heart problems than day workers.

In addition, there seems to be a very high incidence of stomach problems, for example, ulcers among night shift workers,

and although this may be partly due to the wrong sort of diet, you know, snacking on fast food,

it can't be just explained by eating habits.

And finally, there is evidence to suggest

that night shift workers also get ill more frequently with minor problems like colds and infections.

The frequency of these illnesses is much higher than among day workers,

and this indicates that night working can damage immunity to illness.

And of course, this leads to a lot of absence from work, too.

However, although the physical impact of working nights can be severe, perhaps the real problems are psychological ones.

And the most common problem is depression.

This seems to be the inevitable result of the constant feeling of tiredness

and a lack of energy that night workers universally complain of.

Secondly, there is a lot of evidence from accident statistics to suggest that mental abilities are badly affected, and that means, for example,

decision-making ability and planning ability.

and these are what control our performance.

For example, we can see that the highest number of errors on the roads occur between 3 a.m and 5 a.m.,

the point in our internal clock when we feel most sleepy.

Okay, finally, there are the social problems where night working impacts on the family and social life of the employees.

The first one is obviously the breakup of family life

and here we can see from the divorce statistics that this occurs more frequently in the case of night workers.

But there's also the breakdown of other relationships, not just within the family, but among the peer group.

Night workers tend to lose touch with friends, and these relationships, especially for the long-term night workers,

are very difficult to rebuild.

And so this eventually leads to social isolation for the individual, and of course that has consequences for the whole community too.

So we can begin to see the real cost of nightworking.

What we need to do now is to look at how...

That is the end of Section 4.

You now have half a minute to check your answers.

Thank you.

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本課的詞彙與口語要點

這節 B2 級別的口語課以影片“Vol 3 - test 5 - section 4”為素材。影片中反覆出現的詞有：workers, shift, sleep, suggest, lead。這段影片共有 61 個句子、838 個單詞可供跟讀。講話部分時長為 7:35。說話人語速平穩，每分鐘約 111 個詞，很適合跟讀。 89% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，詞彙容易理解。

影片中的重點詞彙

影片中最難的 15 個單詞，附發音和釋義：

單詞	發音	釋義
consequence 名詞	/ˈkɑn.sɪ.kwəns/	後果 /後果, 結果 /結果
awake 動詞	/əˈweɪk/	醒, 醒來 /醒來
dislocation 名詞	/dɪsləʊˈkeɪʃn̩/	脫位 /脫位, 脫臼 /脫臼
tiredness 名詞		疲勞 /疲勞
sleepy 形容詞	/ˈsliːpi/	昏昏欲睡, 睏 /困
daylight 名詞	/ˈdeɪˌlaɪt/	日光
secondly 副詞	/ˈsɛk.(ə)ndli/	二來 /二來, 第二
snack 名詞	/snæk/	零食, 小吃
rebuild 動詞	/ɹiːˈbɪld/	重建, 再建
immunity 名詞	/ɪˈmjuːnəti/	免疫, 免疫力
researcher 名詞	/ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/	研究員 /研究員, 研究者
isolation 名詞	/ˌaɪsəˈleɪʃən/	隔離 /隔離, 隔斷 /隔斷
extract 名詞	/ˈɛkstɹækt/	精
workplace 名詞	/ˈwɝkˌpleɪs/	工作場所 /工作場所, 職場 /職場
inevitable 形容詞	/ɪˈnɛvɪtəbəl/	不可避免, 總會 /總會

影片中的語法

說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：

結構	影片中的用法
被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的	are associated · has been carried · is linked
現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事	has been · has been carried

需要注意的發音

說話人用了 7 次縮略和弱讀形式，例如 I'd, can't, I'm。請按聽到的簡短形式來說。

“sh” 和 “zh” 音: dislocation /dɪsləʊˈkeɪʃn̩/, isolation /ˌaɪsəˈleɪʃən/
長單詞——注意重音位置: universally /ˌjunɪˈvɝsəli/, behavioral /bɪˈheɪvjəɹəl/, immunity /ɪˈmjuːnəti/, continually /kənˈtɪnjuəli/, isolation /ˌaɪsəˈleɪʃən/

中文母語者容易讀錯的音：

/v/ — 不要讀成 /w/，上齒輕觸下唇: universally /ˌjunɪˈvɝsəli/, behavioral /bɪˈheɪvjəɹəl/, inevitable /ɪˈnɛvɪtəbəl/
詞尾子音 — 要讀清楚，後面不要加母音: consequence /ˈkɑn.sɪ.kwəns/, awake /əˈweɪk/, nightwork /ˈnʌɪtwəːk/, incidence /ˈɪn.sɪ.dəns/, breakup /ˈbɹeɪk.ʌp/
/r/ 和 /l/ 的區別: behavioral /bɪˈheɪvjəɹəl/, rebuild /ɹiːˈbɪld/, practically /ˈpɹæk.tɪ.k(ə.)li/

如何用這段影片練習

先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
用正常速度逐句跟讀，每句重複到你的節奏與說話人一致為止。
錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 consequence, awake, dislocation 這類單詞。

什麼是跟讀法？

跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟讀法: 閱讀完整分步指南 →

跟讀練習: Vol 3 - test 5 - section 4 - 通過影片學習英語口語

選擇練習模式

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