ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: Vol 3 - test 5 - section 4

Section 4.

You will hear an extract from a talk entitled Health on the Night Shift.

First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40 on pages 8 and 9.

Thank you.

Good afternoon everybody.

In this session I want to continue looking at health issues relating to the workplace.

And I'd like to focus today on night shift workers and the health problems that are associated with their working hours.

I'm sure you're all aware

that there has been a huge increase in the number of workers doing regular night shifts in recent years,

mainly because of the number of shops and services now open 24 hours, seven days a week.

And we need to look more closely at the consequences of changing work and sleep patterns like this.

So that's what I'd like us to do today.

Now, research that has been carried out in both the U.S

and Britain on night working suggests that it leads to a lot of health problems for the workers, and they point to three main reasons for this.

The first one is what they call the internal clock, and this is a basic sort of program in our brains.

This tells us that at certain times we should feel hungry, at other times we should be awake, at other times we should be asleep, and so on.

And it seems to be generally accepted by all the experts in the field

that this clock is linked to not just our behavioral habits, but to cycles of light and dark.

And that means that we're programmed to be awake when it's light, i.e. during the day, and asleep when it's dark.

The second thing is that night workers are continually fighting against what is termed a sleep debt.

And by this, the researchers mean

that it's just practically impossible for them to get a sufficient amount of sleep in daylight hours.

In fact, studies suggest that on average, night workers only get between five and six hours of sleep rather than the eight they need.

And the effects of not getting enough sleep can also lead to all sorts of problems, and we'll talk about those in a minute.

The third cause of these problems is the unsocial hours that night workers have to keep.

The fact that they are working when their families, their friends are sleeping and vice versa.

And that kind of dislocation from their social group can be very damaging.

Okay, so let's take a closer look at some of these effects.

And if we have a look at the physical effects first, we can see that studies on long-term shift workers found

that they were much more likely to get heart problems than day workers.

In addition, there seems to be a very high incidence of stomach problems, for example, ulcers among night shift workers,

and although this may be partly due to the wrong sort of diet, you know, snacking on fast food,

it can't be just explained by eating habits.

And finally, there is evidence to suggest

that night shift workers also get ill more frequently with minor problems like colds and infections.

The frequency of these illnesses is much higher than among day workers,

and this indicates that night working can damage immunity to illness.

And of course, this leads to a lot of absence from work, too.

However, although the physical impact of working nights can be severe, perhaps the real problems are psychological ones.

And the most common problem is depression.

This seems to be the inevitable result of the constant feeling of tiredness

and a lack of energy that night workers universally complain of.

Secondly, there is a lot of evidence from accident statistics to suggest that mental abilities are badly affected, and that means, for example,

decision-making ability and planning ability.

and these are what control our performance.

For example, we can see that the highest number of errors on the roads occur between 3 a.m and 5 a.m.,

the point in our internal clock when we feel most sleepy.

Okay, finally, there are the social problems where night working impacts on the family and social life of the employees.

The first one is obviously the breakup of family life

and here we can see from the divorce statistics that this occurs more frequently in the case of night workers.

But there's also the breakdown of other relationships, not just within the family, but among the peer group.

Night workers tend to lose touch with friends, and these relationships, especially for the long-term night workers,

are very difficult to rebuild.

And so this eventually leads to social isolation for the individual, and of course that has consequences for the whole community too.

So we can begin to see the real cost of nightworking.

What we need to do now is to look at how...

That is the end of Section 4.

You now have half a minute to check your answers.

Thank you.

📺 ช่องเดียวกัน

✨ วิดีโอแนะนำ

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Vocabulary and speaking notes for this lesson

This B2 speaking lesson is built on the video “Vol 3 - test 5 - section 4”. The speaker keeps coming back to these words: workers, shift, sleep, suggest, lead. This video has 61 sentences and 838 words to shadow. The speech runs for 7:35. The speaker talks at a steady 111 words per minute, a comfortable pace for shadowing. 89% of the words are among the 3,000 most common in English, so the vocabulary is easy to follow.

Key vocabulary in this video

The 15 most advanced words in the video, with pronunciation and meaning:

Word	Pronunciation	Meaning
consequence noun	/ˈkɑn.sɪ.kwəns/	An effect; something that follows a cause as a result.
awake verb	/əˈweɪk/	To become conscious after having slept.
dislocation noun	/dɪsləʊˈkeɪʃn̩/	The act of displacing, or the state of being displaced.
nightwork noun	/ˈnʌɪtwəːk/	Work which is carried out at night.
tiredness noun		The state of being tired.
unsocial adjective		Not social.
universally adverb	/ˌjunɪˈvɝsəli/	In a universal manner.
incidence noun	/ˈɪn.sɪ.dəns/	The act of something happening; occurrence.
breakup noun	/ˈbɹeɪk.ʌp/	The act of breaking up; disintegration or division.
sleepy adjective	/ˈsliːpi/	Tired; feeling the need for sleep.
daylight noun	/ˈdeɪˌlaɪt/	The natural light that is ambient in daytime, being mostly sunlight (both direct and indirect, on either sunny days or cloudy days).
secondly adverb	/ˈsɛk.(ə)ndli/	In the second place.
behavioral adjective	/bɪˈheɪvjəɹəl/	Of or relating to behavior.
snack noun	/snæk/	A light meal.
rebuild verb	/ɹiːˈbɪld/	To build again or anew.

ไวยากรณ์ในวิดีโอนี้

โครงสร้างที่ผู้พูดใช้บ่อยที่สุด พร้อมคำพูดจริงจากวิดีโอ:

โครงสร้าง	ในวิดีโอ
Passive voice be + กริยาช่อง 3 — เน้นสิ่งที่เกิดขึ้น ไม่ใช่ผู้กระทำ	are associated · has been carried · is linked
Present perfect have/has + กริยาช่อง 3 — เหตุการณ์ในอดีตที่ยังเกี่ยวข้องกับปัจจุบัน	has been · has been carried

Pronunciation to watch

The speaker uses 7 contractions and reduced forms, such as I'd, can't, I'm. Say them the short way, as you hear them.

The “sh” and “zh” sounds: dislocation /dɪsləʊˈkeɪʃn̩/, isolation /ˌaɪsəˈleɪʃən/
Long words — get the stress right: universally /ˌjunɪˈvɝsəli/, behavioral /bɪˈheɪvjəɹəl/, immunity /ɪˈmjuːnəti/, continually /kənˈtɪnjuəli/, isolation /ˌaɪsəˈleɪʃən/

How to practise with this video

Listen to the whole video once without speaking and note the words you do not know.
Shadow it sentence by sentence at normal speed, repeating each one until your rhythm matches the speaker.
Record yourself and compare with the original, paying attention to words like consequence, awake, dislocation.

เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?

Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ

เทคนิค shadowing: อ่านคู่มือฉบับเต็มทีละขั้นตอน →

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Vocabulary and speaking notes for this lesson

Key vocabulary in this video

ไวยากรณ์ในวิดีโอนี้

Pronunciation to watch

How to practise with this video

เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?