跟讀練習: Vol 2 - test 5 - section 3 - 通過影片學習英語口語

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Part 3 You will hear two students named Amy and Mike discussing Maori carvings.

First, you have some time to look at questions 21 to 25.

Now listen carefully and answer questions 21 to 25.

Hi Mike!

Aren't these New Zealand carvings we've been studying in class fascinating?

Oh, hi Amy.

Oh, the Maori greenstone tikis.

They're all a bit organic for my taste.

You know, all curves and twisting shapes.

I like modern stuff, geometric shapes.

but I can see the skill involved in making them.

But the stories behind the tikis are what make them interesting.

Besides, I imagine it would be difficult to create geometric patterns, The shape of each tiki seems to follow the natural contours of the stone.

It's extremely hard and it requires expertise and time to shape.

That's true.

I suppose that's why modern greenstone carvings are so expensive.

But there aren't that many genuine old ones around.

Archaeologists rarely discover such treasures, which is odd given they are such a huge part of Maori culture.

I wonder if archaeological dig sites were raided and the tikis were taken to sell.

I believe it's because the owners valued them and so preserved them.

Many of them would have been passed down through the generations and remain in the possession of the families today.

like heirlooms.

Do you know what they were used for?

I thought they were just an art form or a means of decoration.

But Professor Matiu says that the Maori believed tikis were sacred and could be used as a pathway to their ancestors.

They believed the dead could speak to them through these talismans.

So they don't represent tribes or anything?

Interesting.

How many different kinds are there?

There must be hundreds of variations.

There are other greenstone carvings beside tikis, although I can't remember all their names.

Traditional tikis themselves can be divided into two distinct groups though.

Can they buy the materials?

I've seen some with metal features.

Or is it to do with size or where they were made?

Actually, it is the ways that their feet, heads and hands are placed that make the major difference.

Is it easy to discern the difference between the ancient stones and more modern reproductions?

Are the styles very different?

Modern reproductions usually use a different type of stone.

Although they may be of the same design.

They may also be of a smaller size.

But it's actually quite easy to tell if you are buying a genuine carving or a mass -produced souvenir.

How?

Nowadays, they are produced by machine, using lasers even, so they have no blemishes.

In genuine carvings, they aren't always perfect, because the Maori used simple hand tools.

For example, the hole that the cord is fed through isn't perfectly round.

That makes sense.

Before you hear the rest of the discussion, you have some time to look at questions 26 to 30.

Now listen carefully and answer questions 26 to 30.

Actually, it's amazing that they produce such detailed tikis with such simple tools and materials.

Talk me through the process.

I know the basic shape is carved from New Zealand greenstone.

Yes, but first they had to get a blank of the right size.

You mean a piece of stone of the right size and basic shape?

That's right.

They used a hard stone tool, something rough, to wear a groove into a piece of greenstone.

After they'd scored it with that, they could just snap it in two.

I guess they could have used some kind of hammer though.

They repeated the process until they had a piece of stone suitable for what they wanted to carve, usually flat pieces for tikis.

Right, because they're fairly small and quite thin.

Then they started carving.

Not right away.

Before they could start carving, they needed an absolutely smooth, flat surface.

Nowadays, when we want to do something like that, we'd clamp the stone in a vice and use a sander

but they used a heavy block of sandstone and rubbed the piece of greenstone on it, over and over, to prepare it for carving.

It must have been very time consuming.

So how did they cut out the little details, like hands and feet?

They had carving tools.

They used small chips of stone glued and tied onto a wooden handle.

Then they also used a piece of sharpened bone made into a point.

Is that what they used to make the holes?

Actually, they had a special tool to make holes.

It was a stick tied between two heavy pebbles with a point at the end.

They would wrap string around it, pull it back and forth to wear a hole into the tiki.

They used the same technique to make round shapes too, but didn't make the hole go all the way through.

And I've seen some tikis with coloured eyes or decorations.

Are they painted?

Mostly they are inlaid with different coloured stone, or mother of pearl from shells, or sometimes dyed pieces of bone.

They were fixed in place using teratogum, a sticky plant resin.

They used plants to make the natural strings too.

That's right.

The Maori were very resourceful, weren't they?

They certainly were.

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本課的詞彙與口語要點

這節 B2 級別的口語課以影片“Vol 2 - test 5 - section 3”為素材。影片中反覆出現的詞有：tiki, carving, stone, shape, piece。這段影片共有 83 個句子、869 個單詞可供跟讀。講話部分時長為 7:02。說話人語速平穩，每分鐘約 123 個詞，很適合跟讀。只有 80% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，詞彙難度較高。全部 83 個句子中有 14 個是問句，適合練習疑問語調和簡短回答。

影片中的重點詞彙

影片中最難的 15 個單詞，附發音和釋義：

單詞	發音	釋義
carving 名詞	/ˈkɑɹvɪŋ/	雕刻
reproduction 名詞	/ˌɹiːpɹəˈdʌkʃən/	生殖
decoration 名詞	/ˌdɛkəˈɹeɪʃən/	裝飾 /裝飾
nowadays 副詞	/ˈnaʊ.ə.deɪz/	現在 /現在, 現今 /現今
ancestor 名詞	/ˈæn.sɛs.tɚ/	祖先
archaeologist 名詞	/ˌɑɹ.kiˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒɪst/	考古學家 /考古學家
contour 名詞	/ˈkɒntɔː/	輪廓 /輪廓
fascinate 動詞	/ˈfæsɪneɪt/	誘惑 /誘惑, 迷住
heirloom 名詞	/ˈɛɚ.lum/	傳家寶 /傳家寶
pebble 名詞	/ˈpɛbəl/	礫石 /礫石, 石子
resourceful 形容詞		機靈的, 有辦法 /有辦法
sander 名詞	/ˈsændɚ/	砂磨機 /砂磨機
sharpen 動詞	/ˈʃɑɹpən/	磨, 削尖
souvenir 名詞	/ˈsu.vəˌnɪɹ/	紀念品 /紀念品
talisman 名詞	/ˈtæl.ɪsˌmæn/	護身符 /護身符, 護符 /護符

值得反覆跟讀的句子

影片中簡短而完整的句子，可以直接用在日常對話裡：

They're all a bit organic for my taste.
Do you know what they were used for?
I've seen some with metal features.

影片中的語法

說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：

結構	影片中的用法
被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的	were raided · have been passed · can be divided
現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事	I've seen

需要注意的發音

說話人用了 15 次縮略和弱讀形式，例如 aren't, I've, they're。請按聽到的簡短形式來說。

“sh” 和 “zh” 音: reproduction /ˌɹiːpɹəˈdʌkʃən/, decoration /ˌdɛkəˈɹeɪʃən/, blemish /ˈblɛmɪʃ/, sharpen /ˈʃɑɹpən/, variation /ˌvɛəɹiˈeɪʃn̩/
長單詞——注意重音位置: geometric /ˌd͡ʒiː.əʊˈmɛt.ɹɪk/, reproduction /ˌɹiːpɹəˈdʌkʃən/, decoration /ˌdɛkəˈɹeɪʃən/, archaeologist /ˌɑɹ.kiˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒɪst/

如何用這段影片練習

先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
用正常速度逐句跟讀，每句重複到你的節奏與說話人一致為止。
錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 carving, reproduction, decoration 這類單詞。

什麼是跟讀法？

跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟讀法: 閱讀完整分步指南 →

跟讀練習: Vol 2 - test 5 - section 3 - 通過影片學習英語口語

選擇練習模式

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