Shadowing Practice: What are PCBs and PCBAs? The 'PCB basics' - Learn English Speaking with Video
Les maken...
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Welcome to this video series where we're going to be looking at PCBs.
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This is the first video and we're going to be looking at PCB basics.
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So what's the difference between a PCB and a PCBA?
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Well you can generally refer to a blank unstuffed and unsoldered printed circuit board as a PCB.
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You can see an example of this on the top image here.
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The assembled and soldered assembly is then known as a PCBA or a board assembly or simply a PCA.
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And you can see an example of this on this bottom image.
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So if we look at the two differences,
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the top one clearly has no components on it whereas the bottom has a fully populated set of components.
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So the basic understanding of a PCB.
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A basic PCB consists of a flat sheet of insulating material and a layer of copper foil laminated to the substrate.
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Chemical etching divides the copper into separate conducting lines called tracks or circuit tracers,
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pads for connections, wires to pass connections between layers of copper.
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The tracks function as wires fixed in place and are insulated from each other by air and the bored substrate material.
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The surface of the PCB may have a coating
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that protects the copper from corrosion and reduces the chances of solder shorts between traces
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or undesired electrical contact from stray bare wires.
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This coating is called the solder resist.
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You can see an example of a bare PCB here on the right
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where we can clearly see the tracks and the holes
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or the wires going from one side of the board to the other.
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So what makes up a PCB?
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The basic PCB consists of four layers, which are heat laminated together into a single board.
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The four layers are substrate, copper, solder mask and silk screen.
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The substrate needs to be thermally stable and the most common material used is FR4.
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FR4 is a glass epoxy high pressure thermoset plastic laminate with good strength to weight ratio with near zero water absorption.
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FR simply stands for Flame Retardant.
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And you can see the basic layers here in this image, where we have the substrate, the copper, the solder mask and the silkscreen on top.
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So what are the different layers on top of the FR4?
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First we have the copper layer, which is the electrical conductor where the tracks are etched, which make up the circuit.
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The thickness can vary depending on the power requirements, but in general the thickness is around 35 microns or equivalent to 1.4 thou.
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Second is the solder mask layer and this gives the PCB its green color.
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Its purpose is to insulate the copper tracks from contact with metal, solder or other conductive items.
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And third, the silkscreen layer is a combination of shapes, letters, symbols and instructions.
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It provides identification for each part and you can clearly see
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that in this image where we have part identifications don't forget to check out our other videos in this series
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and you can always contact us
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if you need any help with your projects in China
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so don't forget to a like share and subscribe
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if you hit this little bell symbol
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that will notify you of any new content that we upload
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so thanks for listening my name is Paul Adam from South East and I shall see you in the next video
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Woordenschat en spreektips bij deze les
Deze video bevat 42 zinnen en 567 woorden om na te spreken. Het gesproken deel duurt 3:55. De spreker praat in een gelijkmatig tempo van ongeveer 145 woorden per minuut, prettig om te shadowen. Slechts 73% van de woorden hoort bij de 3.000 meest gebruikte Engelse woorden, dus de woordenschat is pittig.
Belangrijke woorden in deze video
15 woorden uit de video die het leren waard zijn, met uitspraak en betekenis:
| Woord | Uitspraak | Betekenis |
|---|---|---|
| layer zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈleɪ̯ɚ/ | laag |
| copper zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈkɒpə/ | koper |
| substrate zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈsʌbˌstɹeɪt/ | substraat |
| wire zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈwaɪɚ/ | draad |
| mask zelfstandig naamwoord | /mæsk/ | masker |
| coat zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈkoʊ̯t/ | mantel, jas |
| component zelfstandig naamwoord | /kəmˈpoʊ.nənt/ | onderdeel, component |
| symbol zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈsɪmbəl/ | symbool |
| identification zelfstandig naamwoord | /aɪˌdɛn(t)ɪfɪˈkeɪʃn̩/ | identificatie, identificeren |
| consist zelfstandig naamwoord | /kənˈsɪst/ | samenstelling |
| thickness zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈθɪknəs/ | dikte |
| stable zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈsteɪ.bəl/ | stal, paardenstal |
| refer werkwoord | /ɹɪˈfɜː/ | verwijzen, doorverwijzen |
| whereas | /(h)wɛɹˈæz/ | hoewel, terwijl |
| sheet zelfstandig naamwoord | /ʃit/ | blad |
Phrasal verbs die je zult horen
| Woord | Betekenis |
|---|---|
| check out werkwoord | onderzoeken |
Grammatica in deze video
De structuren die de spreker het meest gebruikt, met de exacte woorden uit de video:
| Structuur | In de video |
|---|---|
| Lijdende vorm be + voltooid deelwoord — het gaat om wat er gebeurt, niet om wie het doet | are insulated · is called · are etched |
| Betrekkelijke bijzinnen who / which + zin — extra informatie over een persoon of ding | layers, which are · layer, which is |
Uitspraak om op te letten
De spreker gebruikt 4 samentrekkingen en verkorte vormen, zoals don't, we're. Spreek ze kort uit, zoals je ze hoort.
- De klanken “sh” en “zh”: identification /aɪˌdɛn(t)ɪfɪˈkeɪʃn̩/, sheet /ʃit/, ratio /ˈɹeɪ.ʃoʊ/, instruction /ɪnˈstɹʌkʃən/, absorption /æbˈsɔɹp.ʃn̩/
- Lange woorden — let op de klemtoon: electrical /ɪˈlɛktɹɪkəl/, identification /aɪˌdɛn(t)ɪfɪˈkeɪʃn̩/
Zo oefen je met deze video
- Luister de hele video één keer zonder te spreken en noteer de woorden die je niet kent.
- Spreek zin voor zin na op normale snelheid en herhaal elke zin tot je ritme gelijk is aan dat van de spreker.
- Neem jezelf op en vergelijk met het origineel; let daarbij op woorden als layer, copper, substrate.
Wat is de Shadowing-techniek?
Shadowing is een wetenschappelijk onderbouwde taalleermethode die oorspronkelijk is ontwikkeld voor professionele tolkentraining en gepopulariseerd door polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. De methode is eenvoudig maar krachtig: je luistert naar native Engelse audio en herhaalt het onmiddellijk hardop — als een schaduw die de spreker volgt met slechts 1–2 seconden vertraging. In tegenstelling tot passief luisteren of grammaticadrills, dwingt shadowing je hersenen en mondspieren om echte spraakpatronen tegelijkertijd te verwerken en te reproduceren. Onderzoek toont aan dat het de uitspraaknauwkeurigheid, intonatie, ritme, verbonden spraak, luisterbegrip en spreekvaardigheid aanzienlijk verbetert — waardoor het een van de meest effectieve methoden is voor IELTS Speaking-voorbereiding en echte Engelse communicatie.