शैडोइंग अभ्यास: What are PCBs and PCBAs? The 'PCB basics' - वीडियो के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें

पाठ बनाया जा रहा है...
1
Welcome to this video series where we're going to be looking at PCBs.
2
This is the first video and we're going to be looking at PCB basics.
3
So what's the difference between a PCB and a PCBA?
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Well you can generally refer to a blank unstuffed and unsoldered printed circuit board as a PCB.
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You can see an example of this on the top image here.
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The assembled and soldered assembly is then known as a PCBA or a board assembly or simply a PCA.
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And you can see an example of this on this bottom image.
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So if we look at the two differences,
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the top one clearly has no components on it whereas the bottom has a fully populated set of components.
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So the basic understanding of a PCB.
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A basic PCB consists of a flat sheet of insulating material and a layer of copper foil laminated to the substrate.
12
Chemical etching divides the copper into separate conducting lines called tracks or circuit tracers,
13
pads for connections, wires to pass connections between layers of copper.
14
The tracks function as wires fixed in place and are insulated from each other by air and the bored substrate material.
15
The surface of the PCB may have a coating
16
that protects the copper from corrosion and reduces the chances of solder shorts between traces
17
or undesired electrical contact from stray bare wires.
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This coating is called the solder resist.
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You can see an example of a bare PCB here on the right
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where we can clearly see the tracks and the holes
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or the wires going from one side of the board to the other.
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So what makes up a PCB?
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The basic PCB consists of four layers, which are heat laminated together into a single board.
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The four layers are substrate, copper, solder mask and silk screen.
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The substrate needs to be thermally stable and the most common material used is FR4.
26
FR4 is a glass epoxy high pressure thermoset plastic laminate with good strength to weight ratio with near zero water absorption.
27
FR simply stands for Flame Retardant.
28
And you can see the basic layers here in this image, where we have the substrate, the copper, the solder mask and the silkscreen on top.
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So what are the different layers on top of the FR4?
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First we have the copper layer, which is the electrical conductor where the tracks are etched, which make up the circuit.
31
The thickness can vary depending on the power requirements, but in general the thickness is around 35 microns or equivalent to 1.4 thou.
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Second is the solder mask layer and this gives the PCB its green color.
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Its purpose is to insulate the copper tracks from contact with metal, solder or other conductive items.
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And third, the silkscreen layer is a combination of shapes, letters, symbols and instructions.
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It provides identification for each part and you can clearly see
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that in this image where we have part identifications don't forget to check out our other videos in this series
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and you can always contact us
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if you need any help with your projects in China
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so don't forget to a like share and subscribe
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if you hit this little bell symbol
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that will notify you of any new content that we upload
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so thanks for listening my name is Paul Adam from South East and I shall see you in the next video
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इस पाठ की शब्दावली और बोलने के सुझाव

इस वीडियो में शैडोइंग के लिए 42 वाक्य और 567 शब्द हैं। बोला गया हिस्सा 3:55 लंबा है। वक्ता लगभग 145 शब्द प्रति मिनट की स्थिर गति से बोलता है, जो शैडोइंग के लिए आरामदायक है। केवल 73% शब्द अंग्रेज़ी के 3,000 सबसे आम शब्दों में से हैं, इसलिए शब्दावली कठिन है।

इस वीडियो की मुख्य शब्दावली

वीडियो के 15 सीखने लायक शब्द, उच्चारण और अर्थ के साथ:

शब्दउच्चारणअर्थ
layer संज्ञा/ˈleɪ̯ɚ/परत, तह
copper संज्ञा/ˈkɒpə/ताँबा, ताम्र
wire संज्ञा/ˈwaɪɚ/तार
mask संज्ञा/mæsk/मुखौटा, मास्क
coat संज्ञा/ˈkoʊ̯t/कोट
symbol संज्ञा/ˈsɪmbəl/प्रतीक, चिह्न
identification संज्ञा/aɪˌdɛn(t)ɪfɪˈkeɪʃn̩/पहचान, शिनाख़्त
thickness संज्ञा/ˈθɪknəs/मोटाई
stable संज्ञा/ˈsteɪ.bəl/गोष्ठ, अश्वालय
sheet संज्ञा/ʃit/पत्र, चद्दर
ratio संज्ञा/ˈɹeɪ.ʃoʊ/अनुपात
requirement संज्ञा/ɹɪˈkwaɪɹmənt/आवश्यकता, अनिवार्यता
trace संज्ञा/tɹeɪs/चिह्न
instruction संज्ञा/ɪnˈstɹʌkʃən/उपदेश, शिक्षण
divide क्रिया/dɪˈvaɪd/बांटना

इस वीडियो का व्याकरण

वक्ता जिन संरचनाओं का सबसे अधिक प्रयोग करता है, वीडियो के असली शब्दों के साथ:

संरचनावीडियो में
Passive voice be + past participle — ज़ोर इस पर कि क्या होता है, न कि कौन करता हैare insulated · is called · are etched
Relative clauses who / which + उपवाक्य — व्यक्ति या वस्तु के बारे में अतिरिक्त जानकारीlayers, which are · layer, which is

ध्यान देने योग्य उच्चारण

वक्ता 4 बार संक्षिप्त रूपों का प्रयोग करता है, जैसे don't, we're। इन्हें वैसे ही छोटा बोलें जैसा आप सुनते हैं।

  • “sh” और “zh” की ध्वनियाँ: identification /aɪˌdɛn(t)ɪfɪˈkeɪʃn̩/, sheet /ʃit/, ratio /ˈɹeɪ.ʃoʊ/, instruction /ɪnˈstɹʌkʃən/, absorption /æbˈsɔɹp.ʃn̩/
  • लंबे शब्द — बलाघात सही रखें: electrical /ɪˈlɛktɹɪkəl/, identification /aɪˌdɛn(t)ɪfɪˈkeɪʃn̩/

इस वीडियो से अभ्यास कैसे करें

  1. पहले बिना बोले पूरा वीडियो एक बार सुनें और जो शब्द नहीं आते उन्हें लिख लें।
  2. सामान्य गति पर एक-एक वाक्य की शैडोइंग करें और हर वाक्य तब तक दोहराएँ जब तक आपकी लय वक्ता से न मिल जाए।
  3. अपनी आवाज़ रिकॉर्ड करें और मूल से तुलना करें, ख़ासकर layer, copper, wire जैसे शब्दों पर ध्यान दें।

शैडोइंग तकनीक क्या है?

शैडोइंग (Shadowing) एक विज्ञान-समर्थित भाषा सीखने की तकनीक है जो मूल रूप से पेशेवर दुभाषिया प्रशिक्षण के लिए विकसित की गई थी। विधि सरल लेकिन शक्तिशाली है: आप मूल अंग्रेज़ी ऑडियो सुनते हैं और तुरंत इसे ज़ोर से दोहराते हैं — जैसे वक्ता की छाया 1-2 सेकंड की देरी से। शोध से पता चलता है कि यह उच्चारण सटीकता, स्वर, लय, जुड़ी हुई ध्वनियाँ, सुनने की समझ और बोलने की प्रवाहशीलता में काफ़ी सुधार करता है।

शैडोइंग तकनीक: पूरी चरण-दर-चरण गाइड पढ़ें →