跟讀練習: What are PCBs and PCBAs? The 'PCB basics' - 通過影片學習英語口語
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42 句
如果句子過短或過長，請點選 Edit 進行調整。
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Welcome to this video series where we're going to be looking at PCBs.
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This is the first video and we're going to be looking at PCB basics.
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So what's the difference between a PCB and a PCBA?
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Well you can generally refer to a blank unstuffed and unsoldered printed circuit board as a PCB.
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You can see an example of this on the top image here.
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The assembled and soldered assembly is then known as a PCBA or a board assembly or simply a PCA.
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And you can see an example of this on this bottom image.
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So if we look at the two differences,
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the top one clearly has no components on it whereas the bottom has a fully populated set of components.
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So the basic understanding of a PCB.
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A basic PCB consists of a flat sheet of insulating material and a layer of copper foil laminated to the substrate.
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Chemical etching divides the copper into separate conducting lines called tracks or circuit tracers,
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pads for connections, wires to pass connections between layers of copper.
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The tracks function as wires fixed in place and are insulated from each other by air and the bored substrate material.
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The surface of the PCB may have a coating
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that protects the copper from corrosion and reduces the chances of solder shorts between traces
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or undesired electrical contact from stray bare wires.
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This coating is called the solder resist.
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You can see an example of a bare PCB here on the right
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where we can clearly see the tracks and the holes
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or the wires going from one side of the board to the other.
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So what makes up a PCB?
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The basic PCB consists of four layers, which are heat laminated together into a single board.
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The four layers are substrate, copper, solder mask and silk screen.
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The substrate needs to be thermally stable and the most common material used is FR4.
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FR4 is a glass epoxy high pressure thermoset plastic laminate with good strength to weight ratio with near zero water absorption.
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FR simply stands for Flame Retardant.
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And you can see the basic layers here in this image, where we have the substrate, the copper, the solder mask and the silkscreen on top.
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So what are the different layers on top of the FR4?
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First we have the copper layer, which is the electrical conductor where the tracks are etched, which make up the circuit.
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The thickness can vary depending on the power requirements, but in general the thickness is around 35 microns or equivalent to 1.4 thou.
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Second is the solder mask layer and this gives the PCB its green color.
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Its purpose is to insulate the copper tracks from contact with metal, solder or other conductive items.
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And third, the silkscreen layer is a combination of shapes, letters, symbols and instructions.
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It provides identification for each part and you can clearly see
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that in this image where we have part identifications don't forget to check out our other videos in this series
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and you can always contact us
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if you need any help with your projects in China
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so don't forget to a like share and subscribe
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if you hit this little bell symbol
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that will notify you of any new content that we upload
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so thanks for listening my name is Paul Adam from South East and I shall see you in the next video
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本課的詞彙與口語要點
這段影片共有 42 個句子、567 個單詞可供跟讀。 講話部分時長為 3:55。 說話人語速平穩，每分鐘約 145 個詞，很適合跟讀。 只有 73% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，詞彙難度較高。
影片中的重點詞彙
影片中 15 個值得學習的單詞，附發音和釋義：
| 單詞 | 發音 | 釋義 |
|---|---|---|
| layer 名詞 | /ˈleɪ̯ɚ/ | 層 /層 |
| copper 名詞 | /ˈkɒpə/ | 銅 /銅 |
| substrate 名詞 | /ˈsʌbˌstɹeɪt/ | 底層語言 /底層語言 |
| wire 名詞 | /ˈwaɪɚ/ | 線 /線, 鐵絲 /鐵絲 |
| mask 名詞 | /mæsk/ | 面具, 面罩 |
| coat 名詞 | /ˈkoʊ̯t/ | 外衣, 大衣 |
| component 名詞 | /kəmˈpoʊ.nənt/ | 元件, 部件 |
| symbol 名詞 | /ˈsɪmbəl/ | 符號 /符號 |
| identification 名詞 | /aɪˌdɛn(t)ɪfɪˈkeɪʃn̩/ | 辨識 /辨識, 鑑定 /鑑定 |
| consist 名詞 | /kənˈsɪst/ | 編組 /編組 |
| thickness 名詞 | /ˈθɪknəs/ | 厚度 |
| stable 名詞 | /ˈsteɪ.bəl/ | 馬廄, 馬棚 /馬棚 |
| refer 動詞 | /ɹɪˈfɜː/ | 談到 /談到 |
| whereas | /(h)wɛɹˈæz/ | 然而 |
| sheet 名詞 | /ʃit/ | 篇, 張 /張 |
影片中出現的短語動詞
| 單詞 | 發音 | 釋義 |
|---|---|---|
| make up 動詞 | /ˌmeɪk ˈʌp/ | 組成 /組成 |
| check out 動詞 | 退房 |
影片中的語法
說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：
| 結構 | 影片中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的 | is then known · are insulated · is called |
| 定語從句 who / which + 從句 — 補充說明人或事物 | layers, which are · layer, which is |
需要注意的發音
說話人用了 4 次縮略和弱讀形式，例如 don't, we're。請按聽到的簡短形式來說。
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: identification /aɪˌdɛn(t)ɪfɪˈkeɪʃn̩/, sheet /ʃit/, ratio /ˈɹeɪ.ʃoʊ/, instruction /ɪnˈstɹʌkʃən/, absorption /æbˈsɔɹp.ʃn̩/
- 長單詞——注意重音位置: electrical /ɪˈlɛktɹɪkəl/, identification /aɪˌdɛn(t)ɪfɪˈkeɪʃn̩/
如何用這段影片練習
- 先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
- 用正常速度逐句跟讀，每句重複到你的節奏與說話人一致為止。
- 錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 layer, copper, substrate 這類單詞。
什麼是跟讀法？
跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。