シャドーイング練習: What are PCBs and PCBAs? The 'PCB basics' - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
レッスンを作成中...
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Welcome to this video series where we're going to be looking at PCBs.
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This is the first video and we're going to be looking at PCB basics.
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So what's the difference between a PCB and a PCBA?
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Well you can generally refer to a blank unstuffed and unsoldered printed circuit board as a PCB.
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You can see an example of this on the top image here.
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The assembled and soldered assembly is then known as a PCBA or a board assembly or simply a PCA.
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And you can see an example of this on this bottom image.
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So if we look at the two differences,
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the top one clearly has no components on it whereas the bottom has a fully populated set of components.
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So the basic understanding of a PCB.
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A basic PCB consists of a flat sheet of insulating material and a layer of copper foil laminated to the substrate.
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Chemical etching divides the copper into separate conducting lines called tracks or circuit tracers,
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pads for connections, wires to pass connections between layers of copper.
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The tracks function as wires fixed in place and are insulated from each other by air and the bored substrate material.
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The surface of the PCB may have a coating
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that protects the copper from corrosion and reduces the chances of solder shorts between traces
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or undesired electrical contact from stray bare wires.
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This coating is called the solder resist.
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You can see an example of a bare PCB here on the right
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where we can clearly see the tracks and the holes
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or the wires going from one side of the board to the other.
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So what makes up a PCB?
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The basic PCB consists of four layers, which are heat laminated together into a single board.
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The four layers are substrate, copper, solder mask and silk screen.
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The substrate needs to be thermally stable and the most common material used is FR4.
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FR4 is a glass epoxy high pressure thermoset plastic laminate with good strength to weight ratio with near zero water absorption.
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FR simply stands for Flame Retardant.
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And you can see the basic layers here in this image, where we have the substrate, the copper, the solder mask and the silkscreen on top.
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So what are the different layers on top of the FR4?
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First we have the copper layer, which is the electrical conductor where the tracks are etched, which make up the circuit.
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The thickness can vary depending on the power requirements, but in general the thickness is around 35 microns or equivalent to 1.4 thou.
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Second is the solder mask layer and this gives the PCB its green color.
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Its purpose is to insulate the copper tracks from contact with metal, solder or other conductive items.
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And third, the silkscreen layer is a combination of shapes, letters, symbols and instructions.
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It provides identification for each part and you can clearly see
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that in this image where we have part identifications don't forget to check out our other videos in this series
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and you can always contact us
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if you need any help with your projects in China
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so don't forget to a like share and subscribe
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if you hit this little bell symbol
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that will notify you of any new content that we upload
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so thanks for listening my name is Paul Adam from South East and I shall see you in the next video
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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント
この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が42文、単語が567語あります。 音声の長さは3:55です。 話す速さは1分あたり約145語で安定しており、シャドーイングしやすいペースです。 英語の頻出3,000語に含まれる単語は73%だけなので、語彙は難しめです。
この動画の重要語彙
動画に出てくる覚えておきたい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。
| 単語 | 発音 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|
| layer 名詞 | /ˈleɪ̯ɚ/ | 層, 膜 |
| copper 名詞 | /ˈkɒpə/ | 銅, カッパー |
| wire 名詞 | /ˈwaɪɚ/ | 針金, 線 |
| mask 名詞 | /mæsk/ | 仮面, 覆面 |
| coat 名詞 | /ˈkoʊ̯t/ | コート, 外套 |
| component 名詞 | /kəmˈpoʊ.nənt/ | 部分 |
| symbol 名詞 | /ˈsɪmbəl/ | 記号, 符号 |
| identification 名詞 | /aɪˌdɛn(t)ɪfɪˈkeɪʃn̩/ | 識別 |
| consist 名詞 | /kənˈsɪst/ | 編成 |
| thickness 名詞 | /ˈθɪknəs/ | 厚み |
| stable 名詞 | /ˈsteɪ.bəl/ | 馬小屋, 厩舎 |
| refer 動詞 | /ɹɪˈfɜː/ | 問い合わせる |
| sheet 名詞 | /ʃit/ | 枚, シート |
| ratio 名詞 | /ˈɹeɪ.ʃoʊ/ | 比 |
| requirement 名詞 | /ɹɪˈkwaɪɹmənt/ | 要求 |
動画に出てくる句動詞
| 単語 | 意味 |
|---|---|
| check out 動詞 | 試験する, 検査する |
この動画の文法
話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。
| 文型 | 動画での表現 |
|---|---|
| 受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる | are insulated · is called · are etched |
| 関係詞節 who / which + 節 — 人や物について情報を加える | layers, which are · layer, which is |
注意したい発音
話し手はdon't, we'reなど、短縮形や弱形を4回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。
- 「sh」と「zh」の音: identification /aɪˌdɛn(t)ɪfɪˈkeɪʃn̩/, sheet /ʃit/, ratio /ˈɹeɪ.ʃoʊ/, instruction /ɪnˈstɹʌkʃən/, absorption /æbˈsɔɹp.ʃn̩/
- 長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: electrical /ɪˈlɛktɹɪkəl/, identification /aɪˌdɛn(t)ɪfɪˈkeɪʃn̩/
この動画での練習方法
- まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
- 通常の速度で一文ずつシャドーイングし、話し手のリズムに合うまで繰り返します。
- 自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。layer, copper, wireなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。