Prática de Shadowing: What are PCBs and PCBAs? The 'PCB basics' - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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Welcome to this video series where we're going to be looking at PCBs.
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This is the first video and we're going to be looking at PCB basics.
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So what's the difference between a PCB and a PCBA?
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Well you can generally refer to a blank unstuffed and unsoldered printed circuit board as a PCB.
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You can see an example of this on the top image here.
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The assembled and soldered assembly is then known as a PCBA or a board assembly or simply a PCA.
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And you can see an example of this on this bottom image.
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So if we look at the two differences,
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the top one clearly has no components on it whereas the bottom has a fully populated set of components.
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So the basic understanding of a PCB.
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A basic PCB consists of a flat sheet of insulating material and a layer of copper foil laminated to the substrate.
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Chemical etching divides the copper into separate conducting lines called tracks or circuit tracers,
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pads for connections, wires to pass connections between layers of copper.
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The tracks function as wires fixed in place and are insulated from each other by air and the bored substrate material.
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The surface of the PCB may have a coating
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that protects the copper from corrosion and reduces the chances of solder shorts between traces
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or undesired electrical contact from stray bare wires.
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This coating is called the solder resist.
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You can see an example of a bare PCB here on the right
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where we can clearly see the tracks and the holes
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or the wires going from one side of the board to the other.
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So what makes up a PCB?
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The basic PCB consists of four layers, which are heat laminated together into a single board.
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The four layers are substrate, copper, solder mask and silk screen.
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The substrate needs to be thermally stable and the most common material used is FR4.
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FR4 is a glass epoxy high pressure thermoset plastic laminate with good strength to weight ratio with near zero water absorption.
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FR simply stands for Flame Retardant.
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And you can see the basic layers here in this image, where we have the substrate, the copper, the solder mask and the silkscreen on top.
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So what are the different layers on top of the FR4?
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First we have the copper layer, which is the electrical conductor where the tracks are etched, which make up the circuit.
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The thickness can vary depending on the power requirements, but in general the thickness is around 35 microns or equivalent to 1.4 thou.
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Second is the solder mask layer and this gives the PCB its green color.
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Its purpose is to insulate the copper tracks from contact with metal, solder or other conductive items.
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And third, the silkscreen layer is a combination of shapes, letters, symbols and instructions.
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It provides identification for each part and you can clearly see
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that in this image where we have part identifications don't forget to check out our other videos in this series
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and you can always contact us
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if you need any help with your projects in China
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so don't forget to a like share and subscribe
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if you hit this little bell symbol
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that will notify you of any new content that we upload
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so thanks for listening my name is Paul Adam from South East and I shall see you in the next video
📺 Mesmo canal
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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Este vídeo tem 42 frases e 567 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 3:55. O falante mantém um ritmo estável de cerca de 145 palavras por minuto, confortável para o shadowing. Apenas 73% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês, por isso o vocabulário é exigente.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
15 palavras do vídeo que vale a pena aprender, com pronúncia e significado:
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| layer substantivo | /ˈleɪ̯ɚ/ | camada |
| copper substantivo | /ˈkɒpə/ | cobre |
| substrate substantivo | /ˈsʌbˌstɹeɪt/ | substrato |
| wire substantivo | /ˈwaɪɚ/ | arame |
| circuit substantivo | /ˈsɝ.kɪt/ | circuito, volta |
| mask substantivo | /mæsk/ | máscara |
| coat substantivo | /ˈkoʊ̯t/ | casaco, agasalho |
| component substantivo | /kəmˈpoʊ.nənt/ | componente |
| symbol substantivo | /ˈsɪmbəl/ | símbolo |
| identification substantivo | /aɪˌdɛn(t)ɪfɪˈkeɪʃn̩/ | identificação |
| consist substantivo | /kənˈsɪst/ | composição |
| thickness substantivo | /ˈθɪknəs/ | grossura, espessura |
| stable substantivo | /ˈsteɪ.bəl/ | estábulo, cavalariça |
| refer verbo | /ɹɪˈfɜː/ | encaminhar |
| whereas | /(h)wɛɹˈæz/ | enquanto, ao passo que |
Phrasal verbs que você vai ouvir
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| make up verbo | /ˌmeɪk ˈʌp/ | compensar |
| check out verbo | verificar, sacar só |
Gramática neste vídeo
As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:
| Estrutura | No vídeo |
|---|---|
| Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem faz | are insulated · is called · are etched |
| Orações relativas who / which + oração — informação extra sobre uma pessoa ou coisa | layers, which are · layer, which is |
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
O falante usa 4 contrações e formas reduzidas, como don't, we're. Diga-as na forma curta, do jeito que você ouve.
- Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: identification /aɪˌdɛn(t)ɪfɪˈkeɪʃn̩/, sheet /ʃit/, ratio /ˈɹeɪ.ʃoʊ/, instruction /ɪnˈstɹʌkʃən/, absorption /æbˈsɔɹp.ʃn̩/
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: electrical /ɪˈlɛktɹɪkəl/, identification /aɪˌdɛn(t)ɪfɪˈkeɪʃn̩/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Faça shadowing frase por frase na velocidade normal, repetindo cada uma até o seu ritmo ficar igual ao do falante.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como layer, copper, substrate.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.