シャドーイング練習: What is SMT (Surface Mount Technology)? PCB Assembly (Part 3) - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
レッスンを作成中...
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Welcome to this video.
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This is part 3 of using surface mount technology to assemble PCBs.
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Electrical testing process.
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This is the last section of the process as you can see here.
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So So physical testing of printed circuit boards can also be carried out within the SMT production line.
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This is known as inline testing.
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However, it is more common for physical testing to be carried out offline in a separate area or test station.
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This is known as in-circuit testing.
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Although the generic term in-circuit testing or ICT is widely used within the electronics manufacturing industry,
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there are actually several different types of tester that are available.
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The type of tester required is dependent upon the manufacturing test process used, the volume and the boards that are used.
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Let's have a look at the different types of in-circuit tester.
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Let's start with the flying probe tester.
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In view of the issues of developing and manufacturing complete bed of nail access fixtures,
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they are costly and difficult to change if any component positions or tracks are moved.
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Another approach is to use a roving or flying probe.
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This has a simple fixture to hold the board
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and contact is made via a few probes that can move around the board and make contact as required.
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These are moved under software control so any board updates can be accommodated with changes to the software program.
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Another reason to use flying probes is the shrinking component size and denser chip scale packaging technologies.
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Manufacturing Defect Analyzer or MDA.
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The tester makes contact to the board under test using a bed of nails fixture
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and this means that a different fixture is generally required for each board.
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It needs to make contact with specific points on the board where often there may be test point
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or a land area for the probe.
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This form of tester offers a basic in circuit test of resistance, continuity and insulation.
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As the name implies it is just used for detecting the manufacturing defects like short circuits across tracks and open circuit connections.
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Automated X-ray inspection.
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AXI as is known is a technology based on the same principles as automated optical inspection or AOI.
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It uses x-rays as its source instead of visible light to automatically inspect features which are typically hidden from view.
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Automated x-ray inspection equipment can not only check the solder joints under components,
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but also reveal any defects in solder joints that may not be visible with ordinary optical inspection equipment.
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First off, sample inspection.
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The inspection microscope is generally used in FAI or first article inspection,
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which is required to ensure that the first product produced is 100% correct.
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In the SME industry, there is a need to ensure
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that the first off from any SMT assembly line is perfect before running the rest of the batch.
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Functional testing.
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At the end of the line, there needs to be a functional test to establish if the PCB actually functions and conforms to specification.
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The key features of the functional test are Identify errors in all functional aspects of the PCB
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Identify failure thresholds in the PCB when both upper and lower voltages are applied Simulate the operating environment for the PCB
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Verify speed, frequency, oscillations and other onboard timing elements Verify all input and output features conform to specification
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and establish all communication features are operational.
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Burn-in testing.
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Burn-in is a technique used as part of the quality insurance
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procedures where assembled printed circuit boards are operated under both normal and accelerated environmental conditions prior to shipment.
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Theoretically, any weak components would fail during the burn-in time allowing those parts to be replaced.
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Replacing the weak components would prevent premature failure, infant mortality failure, or other latent defects.
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On the right-hand side here, we can see a typical burn-in bathtub graph.
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We can see that the decreasing failure rate shows the early infant mortality failures.
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The constant failure rate covers the constant or random failures, whereas the increasing failure rate shows the wearout failures.
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This graph is failure rate over time
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Don't forget to check out our other videos in this PCB series
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You can contact us if you need any help with your projects at all in China And don't forget to like, share and subscribe to our channel
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And you see this little bell symbol If you hit that you'll get a notification each time we upload new content
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So thanks for listening, my name is Paul Adams from SofEast and I shall see you in the next video
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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント
このC1レベルのスピーキングレッスンは、動画「What is SMT (Surface Mount Technology)? PCB Assembly」を教材にしています。 繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：failure, board, circuit, testing, inspection。 この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が56文、単語が769語あります。 音声の長さは5:51です。 話す速さは1分あたり約131語で安定しており、シャドーイングしやすいペースです。 英語の頻出3,000語に含まれる単語は77%だけなので、語彙は難しめです。
この動画の重要語彙
動画の中で特に難しい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。
| 単語 | 発音 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|
| automate 動詞 | /ˈɔ.təˌmeɪt/ | 自動化する |
| defect 名詞 | /ˈdiːfɛkt/ | 欠陥, 欠点 |
| solder 名詞 | /ˈsɒl.də(ɹ)/ | 半田 |
| assemble 動詞 | /əˈsɛm.bəl/ | 集める, 組み立てる |
| specification 名詞 | 仕様, スペック | |
| mortality 名詞 | /mɔɹˈtælɪti/ | 必滅 |
| infant 名詞 | /ˈɪn.fənt/ | 赤ちゃん, 赤ん坊 |
| graph 名詞 | /ɡɹæf/ | グラフ, 図表 |
| bathtub 名詞 | /ˈbæθtʌb/ | 浴槽, 湯船 |
| latent 形容詞 | /ˈleɪ.tənt/ | 潜在的 |
| oscillation 名詞 | /ˌɒ.sɪˈleɪ.ʃən/ | 振動 |
| microscope 名詞 | /ˈmaɪ.kɹəˌskoʊp/ | 顕微鏡, マイクロスコープ |
| theoretically 副詞 | 理論上 | |
| accelerate 動詞 | /ɪkˈsɛl.əˌɹeɪt/ | 加速する |
| offline 形容詞 | /ɔfˈlaɪn/ | オフライン, 停止 |
動画に出てくる句動詞
| 単語 | 発音 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|
| carry out 動詞 | /ˈkæ.ɹi aʊt/ | 行う, 実行する |
| check out 動詞 | 試験する, 検査する |
注意したい発音
話し手はdon't, you'llなど、短縮形や弱形を3回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。
- 「th」の音: bathtub /ˈbæθtʌb/, threshold /ˈθɹɛʃ(h)oʊld/
- 「sh」と「zh」の音: oscillation /ˌɒ.sɪˈleɪ.ʃən/, insulation /ˌɪnsəˈleɪʃən/, shipment /ˈʃɪpmənt/, notification /ˌnoʊtɪfɪˈkeɪʃn̩/, threshold /ˈθɹɛʃ(h)oʊld/
- 長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: mortality /mɔɹˈtælɪti/, oscillation /ˌɒ.sɪˈleɪ.ʃən/, accelerate /ɪkˈsɛl.əˌɹeɪt/, insulation /ˌɪnsəˈleɪʃən/, continuity /ˌkɑn.tɪˈn(j)u.ə.ti/
この動画での練習方法
- まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
- 通常の速度で一文ずつシャドーイングし、話し手のリズムに合うまで繰り返します。
- 自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。automate, defect, solderなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。