Shadowing Practice: What is SMT (Surface Mount Technology)? PCB Assembly (Part 3) - Learn English Speaking with Video
Creating lesson...
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Welcome to this video.
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This is part 3 of using surface mount technology to assemble PCBs.
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Electrical testing process.
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This is the last section of the process as you can see here.
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So So physical testing of printed circuit boards can also be carried out within the SMT production line.
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This is known as inline testing.
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However, it is more common for physical testing to be carried out offline in a separate area or test station.
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This is known as in-circuit testing.
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Although the generic term in-circuit testing or ICT is widely used within the electronics manufacturing industry,
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there are actually several different types of tester that are available.
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The type of tester required is dependent upon the manufacturing test process used, the volume and the boards that are used.
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Let's have a look at the different types of in-circuit tester.
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Let's start with the flying probe tester.
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In view of the issues of developing and manufacturing complete bed of nail access fixtures,
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they are costly and difficult to change if any component positions or tracks are moved.
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Another approach is to use a roving or flying probe.
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This has a simple fixture to hold the board
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and contact is made via a few probes that can move around the board and make contact as required.
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These are moved under software control so any board updates can be accommodated with changes to the software program.
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Another reason to use flying probes is the shrinking component size and denser chip scale packaging technologies.
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Manufacturing Defect Analyzer or MDA.
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The tester makes contact to the board under test using a bed of nails fixture
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and this means that a different fixture is generally required for each board.
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It needs to make contact with specific points on the board where often there may be test point
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or a land area for the probe.
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This form of tester offers a basic in circuit test of resistance, continuity and insulation.
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As the name implies it is just used for detecting the manufacturing defects like short circuits across tracks and open circuit connections.
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Automated X-ray inspection.
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AXI as is known is a technology based on the same principles as automated optical inspection or AOI.
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It uses x-rays as its source instead of visible light to automatically inspect features which are typically hidden from view.
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Automated x-ray inspection equipment can not only check the solder joints under components,
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but also reveal any defects in solder joints that may not be visible with ordinary optical inspection equipment.
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First off, sample inspection.
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The inspection microscope is generally used in FAI or first article inspection,
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which is required to ensure that the first product produced is 100% correct.
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In the SME industry, there is a need to ensure
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that the first off from any SMT assembly line is perfect before running the rest of the batch.
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Functional testing.
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At the end of the line, there needs to be a functional test to establish if the PCB actually functions and conforms to specification.
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The key features of the functional test are Identify errors in all functional aspects of the PCB
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Identify failure thresholds in the PCB when both upper and lower voltages are applied Simulate the operating environment for the PCB
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Verify speed, frequency, oscillations and other onboard timing elements Verify all input and output features conform to specification
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and establish all communication features are operational.
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Burn-in testing.
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Burn-in is a technique used as part of the quality insurance
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procedures where assembled printed circuit boards are operated under both normal and accelerated environmental conditions prior to shipment.
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Theoretically, any weak components would fail during the burn-in time allowing those parts to be replaced.
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Replacing the weak components would prevent premature failure, infant mortality failure, or other latent defects.
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On the right-hand side here, we can see a typical burn-in bathtub graph.
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We can see that the decreasing failure rate shows the early infant mortality failures.
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The constant failure rate covers the constant or random failures, whereas the increasing failure rate shows the wearout failures.
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This graph is failure rate over time
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Don't forget to check out our other videos in this PCB series
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You can contact us if you need any help with your projects at all in China And don't forget to like, share and subscribe to our channel
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And you see this little bell symbol If you hit that you'll get a notification each time we upload new content
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So thanks for listening, my name is Paul Adams from SofEast and I shall see you in the next video
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Vocabulary and speaking notes for this lesson
This C1 speaking lesson is built on the video “What is SMT (Surface Mount Technology)? PCB Assembly”. The speaker keeps coming back to these words: failure, board, circuit, testing, inspection. This video has 56 sentences and 769 words to shadow. The speech runs for 5:51. The speaker talks at a steady 131 words per minute, a comfortable pace for shadowing. Only 77% of the words are among the 3,000 most common in English, so the vocabulary is demanding.
Key vocabulary in this video
The 15 most advanced words in the video, with pronunciation and meaning:
| Word | Pronunciation | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| tester noun | /ˈtɛstəɹ/ | A person who administers a test. |
| probe noun | /pɹoʊb/ | Any of various medical instruments used to explore wounds, organs, etc. |
| fixture noun | /ˈfɪks.t͡ʃə/ | Something that is fixed in place, especially a permanent appliance or other item of personal property that is considered part of a house and is sold with it… |
| automate verb | /ˈɔ.təˌmeɪt/ | To replace or enhance human labor with machines. |
| defect noun | /ˈdiːfɛkt/ | A fault or malfunction. |
| solder noun | /ˈsɒl.də(ɹ)/ | Any of various easily melted alloys, commonly of tin and lead, that are used to mend, coat, or join metal objects, usually small. |
| conform verb | /kənˈfɔɹm/ | To adapt to something by more closely matching it, especially something normative. |
| assemble verb | /əˈsɛm.bəl/ | To put together. |
| specification noun | An explicit set of requirements to be satisfied by a material, product, or service. | |
| mortality noun | /mɔɹˈtælɪti/ | The state of being susceptible to death. |
| infant noun | /ˈɪn.fənt/ | A very young human being, from birth to somewhere between six months and two years of age after birth, needing almost constant care and attention. |
| graph noun | /ɡɹæf/ | A data chart (graphical representation of data) intended to illustrate the relationship between a set (or sets) of numbers (quantities, measurements or… |
| optical adjective | /ˈɑptɪkəl/ | Of or relating to sight; visual. |
| bathtub noun | /ˈbæθtʌb/ | A large container for holding water in which a person may bathe (take a bath). |
| latent adjective | /ˈleɪ.tənt/ | Existing or present, but concealed or inactive. |
Phrasal verbs you will hear
| Word | Pronunciation | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| carry out verb | /ˈkæ.ɹi aʊt/ | To hold while moving it out. |
| check out verb | To record the departure or withdrawal of someone or something (such as guests, employees, books, etc.). | |
| move around verb | To relocate to new homes repeatedly; to not live in any one place for long. |
Pronunciation to watch
The speaker uses 3 contractions and reduced forms, such as don't, you'll. Say them the short way, as you hear them.
- The “th” sounds: bathtub /ˈbæθtʌb/, threshold /ˈθɹɛʃ(h)oʊld/
- The “sh” and “zh” sounds: oscillation /ˌɒ.sɪˈleɪ.ʃən/, insulation /ˌɪnsəˈleɪʃən/, shipment /ˈʃɪpmənt/, notification /ˌnoʊtɪfɪˈkeɪʃn̩/, threshold /ˈθɹɛʃ(h)oʊld/
- Long words — get the stress right: mortality /mɔɹˈtælɪti/, oscillation /ˌɒ.sɪˈleɪ.ʃən/, accelerate /ɪkˈsɛl.əˌɹeɪt/, insulation /ˌɪnsəˈleɪʃən/, continuity /ˌkɑn.tɪˈn(j)u.ə.ti/
How to practise with this video
- Listen to the whole video once without speaking and note the words you do not know.
- Shadow it sentence by sentence at normal speed, repeating each one until your rhythm matches the speaker.
- Record yourself and compare with the original, paying attention to words like tester, probe, fixture.
What is the Shadowing Technique?
Shadowing is a science-backed language learning technique originally developed for professional interpreter training and popularized by polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. The method is simple but powerful: you listen to native English audio and immediately repeat it out loud — like a shadow following the speaker with just a 1–2 second delay. Unlike passive listening or grammar drills, shadowing forces your brain and mouth muscles to simultaneously process and reproduce real speech patterns. Research shows it significantly improves pronunciation accuracy, intonation, rhythm, connected speech, listening comprehension, and speaking fluency — making it one of the most effective methods for IELTS Speaking preparation and real-world English communication.