Shadowing Practice: When Can The NPI Process Begin? - Learn English Speaking with Video

This video has 19 sentences and 234 words to shadow. The speech runs for 1:32. The speaker talks at a natural 153 words per minute, close to everyday conversation. 89% of the words are among the 3,000 most common in English, so the vocabulary is easy to follow.

Key vocabulary in this video

12 less common words from the video, with pronunciation and meaning:

• requirement /ɹɪˈkwaɪɹmənt/ (noun) — A necessity or prerequisite; something required or obligatory. Its adpositions are generally of in relation to who or what has given it, on in relation to whom…
• prototype /ˈpɹəʊtətaɪp/ (noun) — An original form or object which is a basis for other forms or objects (particularly manufactured items), or for its generalizations and models.
• establish /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ/ (verb) — To make stable or firm; to confirm.
• mechanical /məˈkænəkəl/ (adjective) — Related to mechanics (the branch of physics that deals with forces acting on matter).
• functional /ˈfʌŋkt͡ʃənəl/ (adjective) — In good working order.
• resolve /ɹɪˈzɑlv/ (verb) — To find a solution to (a problem).
• freeze /ˈfɹiːz/ (verb) — Especially of a liquid, to become solid due to low temperature.
• thoroughly /ˈθʌɹ.ə.li/ (adverb) — In a thorough or complete manner.
• documentation /ˌdɑkjəmɛnˈteɪʃən/ (noun) — A documentary.
• translate /tɹænzˈleɪt/ (verb) — To change spoken words or written text (of a book, document, movie, etc.) from one language to another.
• verify /ˈvɛɹɪfaɪ/ (verb) — To substantiate or prove the truth of something.
• anticipate /ænˈtɪs.ɪ.peɪt/ (verb) — To act before (someone), especially to prevent an action.

Phrasal verbs you will hear

• make with (verb) — To give, to bring, to produce, to show.
• get into (verb) — To move into (an object), such that one ends up inside it.

Pronunciation to watch

• The “sh” and “zh” sounds: establish /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ/, documentation /ˌdɑkjəmɛnˈteɪʃən/
• Long words — get the stress right: mechanical /məˈkænəkəl/, documentation /ˌdɑkjəmɛnˈteɪʃən/, anticipate /ænˈtɪs.ɪ.peɪt/

How to practise with this video

1. Listen to the whole video once without speaking and note the words you do not know.
2. Start at 0.75× speed, shadow it sentence by sentence, then go back to normal speed once it feels easy.
3. Record yourself and compare with the original, paying attention to words like requirement, prototype, establish.

Grammar in this video

The structures the speaker uses most, with the exact words from the video: