Pratica di Shadowing: What is SMT (Surface Mount Technology)? PCB Assembly (Part 3) - Impara a parlare inglese con i video
Creazione lezione...
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Welcome to this video.
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This is part 3 of using surface mount technology to assemble PCBs.
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Electrical testing process.
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This is the last section of the process as you can see here.
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So So physical testing of printed circuit boards can also be carried out within the SMT production line.
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This is known as inline testing.
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However, it is more common for physical testing to be carried out offline in a separate area or test station.
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This is known as in-circuit testing.
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Although the generic term in-circuit testing or ICT is widely used within the electronics manufacturing industry,
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there are actually several different types of tester that are available.
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The type of tester required is dependent upon the manufacturing test process used, the volume and the boards that are used.
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Let's have a look at the different types of in-circuit tester.
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Let's start with the flying probe tester.
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In view of the issues of developing and manufacturing complete bed of nail access fixtures,
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they are costly and difficult to change if any component positions or tracks are moved.
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Another approach is to use a roving or flying probe.
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This has a simple fixture to hold the board
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and contact is made via a few probes that can move around the board and make contact as required.
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These are moved under software control so any board updates can be accommodated with changes to the software program.
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Another reason to use flying probes is the shrinking component size and denser chip scale packaging technologies.
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Manufacturing Defect Analyzer or MDA.
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The tester makes contact to the board under test using a bed of nails fixture
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and this means that a different fixture is generally required for each board.
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It needs to make contact with specific points on the board where often there may be test point
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or a land area for the probe.
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This form of tester offers a basic in circuit test of resistance, continuity and insulation.
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As the name implies it is just used for detecting the manufacturing defects like short circuits across tracks and open circuit connections.
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Automated X-ray inspection.
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AXI as is known is a technology based on the same principles as automated optical inspection or AOI.
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It uses x-rays as its source instead of visible light to automatically inspect features which are typically hidden from view.
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Automated x-ray inspection equipment can not only check the solder joints under components,
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but also reveal any defects in solder joints that may not be visible with ordinary optical inspection equipment.
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First off, sample inspection.
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The inspection microscope is generally used in FAI or first article inspection,
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which is required to ensure that the first product produced is 100% correct.
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In the SME industry, there is a need to ensure
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that the first off from any SMT assembly line is perfect before running the rest of the batch.
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Functional testing.
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At the end of the line, there needs to be a functional test to establish if the PCB actually functions and conforms to specification.
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The key features of the functional test are Identify errors in all functional aspects of the PCB
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Identify failure thresholds in the PCB when both upper and lower voltages are applied Simulate the operating environment for the PCB
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Verify speed, frequency, oscillations and other onboard timing elements Verify all input and output features conform to specification
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and establish all communication features are operational.
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Burn-in testing.
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Burn-in is a technique used as part of the quality insurance
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procedures where assembled printed circuit boards are operated under both normal and accelerated environmental conditions prior to shipment.
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Theoretically, any weak components would fail during the burn-in time allowing those parts to be replaced.
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Replacing the weak components would prevent premature failure, infant mortality failure, or other latent defects.
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On the right-hand side here, we can see a typical burn-in bathtub graph.
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We can see that the decreasing failure rate shows the early infant mortality failures.
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The constant failure rate covers the constant or random failures, whereas the increasing failure rate shows the wearout failures.
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This graph is failure rate over time
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Don't forget to check out our other videos in this PCB series
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You can contact us if you need any help with your projects at all in China And don't forget to like, share and subscribe to our channel
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And you see this little bell symbol If you hit that you'll get a notification each time we upload new content
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So thanks for listening, my name is Paul Adams from SofEast and I shall see you in the next video
📺 Stesso Canale
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Vocabolario e note di pronuncia per questa lezione
Questa lezione di conversazione di livello C1 si basa sul video “What is SMT (Surface Mount Technology)? PCB Assembly”. Le parole che ritornano più spesso: failure, board, circuit, testing, inspection. Questo video contiene 56 frasi e 769 parole da ripetere con lo shadowing. Il parlato dura 5:51. Chi parla mantiene un ritmo costante di circa 131 parole al minuto, comodo per lo shadowing. Solo il 77% delle parole rientra nelle 3.000 più comuni dell’inglese, quindi il lessico è impegnativo.
Vocaboli chiave di questo video
Le 15 parole più avanzate del video, con pronuncia e significato:
| Parola | Pronuncia | Significato |
|---|---|---|
| probe sostantivo | /pɹoʊb/ | sonda, specillo |
| automate verbo | /ˈɔ.təˌmeɪt/ | automaticizzare |
| defect sostantivo | /ˈdiːfɛkt/ | difetto |
| conform verbo | /kənˈfɔɹm/ | essere conforme |
| assemble verbo | /əˈsɛm.bəl/ | assemblare, montare |
| specification sostantivo | specificazione, specifica | |
| mortality sostantivo | /mɔɹˈtælɪti/ | mortalità |
| infant sostantivo | /ˈɪn.fənt/ | bambino, bambina |
| graph sostantivo | /ɡɹæf/ | grafico |
| bathtub sostantivo | /ˈbæθtʌb/ | bagno, vasca da bagno |
| latent aggettivo | /ˈleɪ.tənt/ | latente |
| oscillation sostantivo | /ˌɒ.sɪˈleɪ.ʃən/ | oscillazione |
| microscope sostantivo | /ˈmaɪ.kɹəˌskoʊp/ | microscopio |
| inspect verbo | /ɪnˈspɛkt/ | ispezionare, investigare |
| theoretically avverbio | teoricamente, in linea teorica |
I phrasal verb che sentirai
| Parola | Pronuncia | Significato |
|---|---|---|
| carry out verbo | /ˈkæ.ɹi aʊt/ | compiere, realizzare |
| check out verbo | investigare |
Pronuncia a cui fare attenzione
Chi parla usa 3 contrazioni e forme ridotte, come don't, you'll. Pronunciale nella forma breve, così come le senti.
- I suoni “th”: bathtub /ˈbæθtʌb/, threshold /ˈθɹɛʃ(h)oʊld/
- I suoni “sh” e “zh”: oscillation /ˌɒ.sɪˈleɪ.ʃən/, insulation /ˌɪnsəˈleɪʃən/, shipment /ˈʃɪpmənt/, notification /ˌnoʊtɪfɪˈkeɪʃn̩/, threshold /ˈθɹɛʃ(h)oʊld/
- Parole lunghe — attenzione all’accento: mortality /mɔɹˈtælɪti/, oscillation /ˌɒ.sɪˈleɪ.ʃən/, accelerate /ɪkˈsɛl.əˌɹeɪt/, insulation /ˌɪnsəˈleɪʃən/, continuity /ˌkɑn.tɪˈn(j)u.ə.ti/
Come esercitarsi con questo video
- Ascolta tutto il video una volta senza parlare e annota le parole che non conosci.
- Fai shadowing frase per frase a velocità normale, ripetendo ognuna finché il tuo ritmo coincide con quello di chi parla.
- Registrati e confronta con l’originale, facendo attenzione a parole come probe, automate, defect.
Cos'è la tecnica dello Shadowing?
Shadowing è una tecnica di apprendimento delle lingue supportata da studi scientifici, originariamente sviluppata per la formazione dei traduttori professionisti e resa popolare dal poliglotta Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Il metodo è semplice ma potente: ascolti un audio in inglese di madrelingua e lo ripeti immediatamente ad alta voce — come un'ombra che segue il parlante con un ritardo di solo 1–2 secondi. A differenza dell'ascolto passivo o degli esercizi di grammatica, lo shadowing costringe il tuo cervello e i muscoli della bocca a elaborare e riprodurre simultaneamente i modelli di discorso reale. La ricerca dimostra che migliora significativamente la precisione della pronuncia, l'intonazione, il ritmo, il discorso connesso, la comprensione dell'ascolto e la fluidità del parlato — rendendolo uno dei metodi più efficaci per la preparazione alla prova di speaking dell'IELTS e per la comunicazione reale in inglese.