Практика Shadowing: What is SMT (Surface Mount Technology)? PCB Assembly (Part 3) - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео
Создание урока...
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Welcome to this video.
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This is part 3 of using surface mount technology to assemble PCBs.
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Electrical testing process.
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This is the last section of the process as you can see here.
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So So physical testing of printed circuit boards can also be carried out within the SMT production line.
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This is known as inline testing.
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However, it is more common for physical testing to be carried out offline in a separate area or test station.
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This is known as in-circuit testing.
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Although the generic term in-circuit testing or ICT is widely used within the electronics manufacturing industry,
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there are actually several different types of tester that are available.
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The type of tester required is dependent upon the manufacturing test process used, the volume and the boards that are used.
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Let's have a look at the different types of in-circuit tester.
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Let's start with the flying probe tester.
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In view of the issues of developing and manufacturing complete bed of nail access fixtures,
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they are costly and difficult to change if any component positions or tracks are moved.
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Another approach is to use a roving or flying probe.
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This has a simple fixture to hold the board
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and contact is made via a few probes that can move around the board and make contact as required.
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These are moved under software control so any board updates can be accommodated with changes to the software program.
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Another reason to use flying probes is the shrinking component size and denser chip scale packaging technologies.
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Manufacturing Defect Analyzer or MDA.
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The tester makes contact to the board under test using a bed of nails fixture
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and this means that a different fixture is generally required for each board.
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It needs to make contact with specific points on the board where often there may be test point
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or a land area for the probe.
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This form of tester offers a basic in circuit test of resistance, continuity and insulation.
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As the name implies it is just used for detecting the manufacturing defects like short circuits across tracks and open circuit connections.
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Automated X-ray inspection.
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AXI as is known is a technology based on the same principles as automated optical inspection or AOI.
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It uses x-rays as its source instead of visible light to automatically inspect features which are typically hidden from view.
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Automated x-ray inspection equipment can not only check the solder joints under components,
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but also reveal any defects in solder joints that may not be visible with ordinary optical inspection equipment.
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First off, sample inspection.
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The inspection microscope is generally used in FAI or first article inspection,
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which is required to ensure that the first product produced is 100% correct.
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In the SME industry, there is a need to ensure
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that the first off from any SMT assembly line is perfect before running the rest of the batch.
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Functional testing.
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At the end of the line, there needs to be a functional test to establish if the PCB actually functions and conforms to specification.
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The key features of the functional test are Identify errors in all functional aspects of the PCB
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Identify failure thresholds in the PCB when both upper and lower voltages are applied Simulate the operating environment for the PCB
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Verify speed, frequency, oscillations and other onboard timing elements Verify all input and output features conform to specification
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and establish all communication features are operational.
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Burn-in testing.
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Burn-in is a technique used as part of the quality insurance
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procedures where assembled printed circuit boards are operated under both normal and accelerated environmental conditions prior to shipment.
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Theoretically, any weak components would fail during the burn-in time allowing those parts to be replaced.
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Replacing the weak components would prevent premature failure, infant mortality failure, or other latent defects.
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On the right-hand side here, we can see a typical burn-in bathtub graph.
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We can see that the decreasing failure rate shows the early infant mortality failures.
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The constant failure rate covers the constant or random failures, whereas the increasing failure rate shows the wearout failures.
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This graph is failure rate over time
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Don't forget to check out our other videos in this PCB series
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You can contact us if you need any help with your projects at all in China And don't forget to like, share and subscribe to our channel
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And you see this little bell symbol If you hit that you'll get a notification each time we upload new content
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So thanks for listening, my name is Paul Adams from SofEast and I shall see you in the next video
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Лексика и советы по произношению к этому уроку
Этот урок разговорной практики уровня C1 построен на видео «What is SMT (Surface Mount Technology)? PCB Assembly». Чаще всего повторяются слова: failure, board, circuit, testing, inspection. В этом видео 56 предложений и 769 слов для шедоуинга. Речь длится 5:51. Говорящий держит ровный темп — около 131 слов в минуту, удобный для шедоуинга. Только 77% слов входят в 3000 самых частых слов английского языка, поэтому лексика сложная.
Ключевая лексика этого видео
Самые сложные слова из видео (15), с произношением и значением:
| Слово | Произношение | Значение |
|---|---|---|
| tester существительное | /ˈtɛstəɹ/ | тестиро́вщик, испыта́тель |
| probe существительное | /pɹoʊb/ | зонд, щуп |
| fixture существительное | /ˈfɪks.t͡ʃə/ | свети́льник |
| automate глагол | /ˈɔ.təˌmeɪt/ | автоматизи́ровать |
| defect существительное | /ˈdiːfɛkt/ | недоста́ток, дефе́кт |
| solder существительное | /ˈsɒl.də(ɹ)/ | припо́й |
| conform глагол | /kənˈfɔɹm/ | соотве́тствовать, быть подобным |
| assemble глагол | /əˈsɛm.bəl/ | собира́ть, собра́ть |
| specification существительное | специфика́ция | |
| mortality существительное | /mɔɹˈtælɪti/ | сме́ртность |
| infant существительное | /ˈɪn.fənt/ | младе́нец, ребёнок |
| graph существительное | /ɡɹæf/ | гра́фик, диагра́мма |
| optical прилагательное | /ˈɑptɪkəl/ | опти́ческий |
| bathtub существительное | /ˈbæθtʌb/ | ва́нна |
| latent прилагательное | /ˈleɪ.tənt/ | скры́тый, лате́нтный |
Фразовые глаголы, которые вы услышите
| Слово | Произношение | Значение |
|---|---|---|
| carry out глагол | /ˈkæ.ɹi aʊt/ | выноси́ть, вы́нести |
| check out глагол | проверя́ть, прове́рить |
Произношение, на которое стоит обратить внимание
Говорящий использует 3 сокращённых и редуцированных форм, например don't, you'll. Произносите их коротко, так, как слышите.
- Звуки «th»: bathtub /ˈbæθtʌb/, threshold /ˈθɹɛʃ(h)oʊld/
- Звуки «sh» и «zh»: oscillation /ˌɒ.sɪˈleɪ.ʃən/, insulation /ˌɪnsəˈleɪʃən/, shipment /ˈʃɪpmənt/, notification /ˌnoʊtɪfɪˈkeɪʃn̩/, threshold /ˈθɹɛʃ(h)oʊld/
- Длинные слова — следите за ударением: mortality /mɔɹˈtælɪti/, oscillation /ˌɒ.sɪˈleɪ.ʃən/, accelerate /ɪkˈsɛl.əˌɹeɪt/, insulation /ˌɪnsəˈleɪʃən/, continuity /ˌkɑn.tɪˈn(j)u.ə.ti/
Как заниматься с этим видео
- Прослушайте всё видео один раз молча и выпишите незнакомые слова.
- Повторяйте предложение за предложением на обычной скорости, пока ваш ритм не совпадёт с ритмом говорящего.
- Запишите себя и сравните с оригиналом, обращая внимание на такие слова, как tester, probe, fixture.
Что такое техника Shadowing?
Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.