Prática de Shadowing: 3 Lessons from Steve Jobs (Key Points from Stanford '05 Speech) - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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Thank you. Today I want to tell you three stories from my life.
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That's it. No big deal.
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Just three stories.
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The first story is about connecting the dots.
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I dropped out of reed college after the first six months but then stayed around as a drop in for another 18 months or so before I really quit.
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It was pretty scary at the time but looking back it was one of the best decisions I ever made.
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The minute I dropped out, I could stop taking the required classes that didn't interest me and begin dropping in on the ones that looked far more interesting.
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Reed college at that time offered perhaps the best calligraphy instruction in the country.
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Throughout the campus, every poster, every label on every drawer was beautifully hand calligraphed and I found it fascinating.
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None of this had even a hope of any practical application in my life, but 10 years later when we were designing the first macintosh computer, it all came back to me.
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If I had never dropped out, personal computers might not have had the wonderful typography that they do.
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Of course it was impossible to connect the dots looking forward when I was in college, but it was very very clear looking backwards.
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So you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future.
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Because believing that the dots will connect down the road will give you the confidence to follow your heart even when it leads you off the well worn path.
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My second story is about love and loss.
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I was lucky - I found what I loved to do early in life.
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Woz and started Apple in my parents' garage when I was 20 and in ten years Apple had grown from just the 2 of us in a garage into a 2 billion dollar company with over 4000 employees.
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And then I got fired.
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What had been the focus of my entire adult life was gone.
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I really didn't know what to do for a few months.
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I felt that I had let the previous generation of entrepreneurs down.
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I'd been rejected but I still loved what I did.
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I didn't see it then, but turned out that getting fired from apple was the best thing that could have ever happened to me.
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The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again.
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It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods of my life.
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During the next five years, I started a company named NeXt, another company named Pixar and it's now the most successful animation studio in the world.
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I'm convinced that the only thing that kept me going was that I loved what I did.
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You've got to find what you love.
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Your work is gonna fill a large part of your life and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work.
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And the only way to do great work is to love what you do.
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If you haven't found it yet, keep looking.
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As with all matters of the heart, you'll know when you find it.
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My third story is about death.
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If you live each day as if it was your last, some day you'll most certainly be right.
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For the past 33 years, I've looked in the mirror every morning and asked myself: If today were the last day of my life, would I wanna do what I am about to do today?
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Because almost everything, all external expectations, all pride, all fear of embarassment or failure, these things just fall away in the face of death.
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Remembering that you are going to die is the best way I know to avoid the trap of thinking you have something to lose.
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There is no reason not to follow your hearts.
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Your time is limited, so don't waste it living someone else's life.
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Don't let the noise of other's opinions drown out your own inner voice.
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Have the courage to follow your heart and intuition: They somehow already know what you truly want to become.
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Everything else is secondary.
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Stay hungry, stay foolish.
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Thank you all very much.
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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Este vídeo tem 44 frases e 697 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 4:05. O falante fala em ritmo natural, cerca de 171 palavras por minuto, próximo de uma conversa do dia a dia. 86% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês; vale a pena estudar o restante antes de começar.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
15 palavras do vídeo que vale a pena aprender, com pronúncia e significado:
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| connect verbo | /kəˈnɛkt/ | conectar |
| garage substantivo | /ɡəˈɹɑʒ/ | garagem |
| reed substantivo | /ɹiːd/ | junco, cana |
| practical adjetivo | /ˈpɹæk.tɪ.kəl/ | prático |
| mirror substantivo | /ˈmiɹɚ/ | espelho |
| hungry adjetivo | /ˈhʌŋ.ɡɹi/ | faminto, com fome |
| label substantivo | /ˈleɪ.bəl/ | etiqueta, rótulo |
| scary adjetivo | /ˈskɛə.ɹi/ | assustador |
| trap substantivo | /tɹæp/ | armadilha, arapuca |
| courage substantivo | /ˈkʌ.ɹɪd͡ʒ/ | coragem, coração |
| convince verbo | /kənˈvɪns/ | convencer |
| poster substantivo | /ˈpoʊstɚ/ | cartaz |
| animation substantivo | /ˌæn.ɪˈmeɪ.ʃən/ | animação |
| instruction substantivo | /ɪnˈstɹʌkʃən/ | instrução |
| entrepreneur substantivo | /ˌɑn.tɹə.pɹəˈnɝ/ | empreendedor, empreendedora |
Phrasal verbs que você vai ouvir
| Palavra | Significado |
|---|---|
| turn out verbo | terminar |
Gramática neste vídeo
As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:
| Estrutura | No vídeo |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + particípio passado — uma ação passada que ainda importa agora | haven't found · I've looked |
| Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem faz | been rejected · was replaced |
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
O falante usa 14 contrações e formas reduzidas, como didn't, don't, you'll. Diga-as na forma curta, do jeito que você ouve.
- Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: garage /ɡəˈɹɑʒ/, animation /ˌæn.ɪˈmeɪ.ʃən/, instruction /ɪnˈstɹʌkʃən/, expectation /ˌɛk.spɛkˈteɪ.ʃən/, foolish /ˈfuː.lɪʃ/
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: animation /ˌæn.ɪˈmeɪ.ʃən/, entrepreneur /ˌɑn.tɹə.pɹəˈnɝ/, expectation /ˌɛk.spɛkˈteɪ.ʃən/, beautifully /ˈbju.tɪ.fə.li/, embarrassment /ɪmˈbæɹ.əs.mənt/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Comece na velocidade 0,75×, faça shadowing frase por frase e volte à velocidade normal quando ficar fácil.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como connect, garage, reed.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.