Prática de Shadowing: Proxy vs Reverse Proxy (Real-world Examples) - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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Why is Nginet called a reverse proxy?
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What is a proxy anyways?
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Let's take a look.
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Two common types of proxy are forward proxy and reverse proxy.
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A forward proxy is a server that sits between a group of client machines and the internet.
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When those clients make requests to websites on the internet the forward proxy acts as a middleman intercepts those requests
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and talks to the web servers on behalf of those client machines why would anyone want to do
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that here are a few reasons one a forward proxy protects
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the client's online identity by using a forward proxy to connect
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to a website the ip address of the client is hidden
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from the server only the ip address of the proxy is visible, it would be harder to trace back to the client.
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Two, a forward proxy can be used to bypass browsing restrictions.
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Some institutions like governments, schools, and big businesses use firewalls to restrict access to the internet.
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By connecting to a forward proxy outside the firewalls, the client machine can potentially get around these restrictions.
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It does not always work because the firewalls themselves could block the connections to the proxy.
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3. A forward proxy can be used to block access to certain content.
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It is not uncommon for schools
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and businesses to configure the networks to connect all clients to the web through the proxy
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and apply filtering rules to disallow sites like social networks.
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It is worth noting that a forward proxy normally requires a client to configure its application to point to it.
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For large institutions, they usually apply a technique called transparent proxies to streamline the process.
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A transparent proxy works with layer 4 switches to redirect certain types of traffic to the proxy automatically.
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There is no need to configure the client machines to use it.
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It is difficult to bypass a transparent proxy when the client is on the institution's network.
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In summary, a forward proxy sits between the client and the internet and acts on behalf of the client.
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Now let's take a look at the reverse proxy.
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A reverse proxy sits between the internet and the web servers.
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It intercepts the requests from the clients and talks to the web server on behalf of the clients.
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Why would a website use a reverse proxy?
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Here are a few good reasons.
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One, a reverse proxy could be used to protect a website.
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The website's IP addresses are hidden behind the reverse proxy and are not revealed to the clients.
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This makes it much harder to target a DDoS attack against a website.
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Second, a reverse proxy is used for load balancing.
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A popular website handling millions of users every day is unlikely to be able to handle the traffic with a single server.
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A reverse proxy can balance a large amount of incoming requests
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by distributing the traffic to a large pool of web servers and effectively preventing any single one of them from becoming overloaded.
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Note that this assumes that the reverse proxy can handle the incoming traffic.
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Services like Kyle Flare put reverse proxy servers in hundreds of locations all around the world.
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This puts the reverse proxy close to the users and at the same time provides a large amount of processing capacity.
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Third, a reverse proxy caches static content.
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A piece of content could be cached on the reverse proxy for a period of time.
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If the same piece of content is requested again from the reverse proxy, the locally cached version could be quickly returned.
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Fourth, a reverse proxy can handle SSL encryption.
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SSL handshake is computationally expensive.
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A reverse proxy can free up the origin servers from those expensive operations.
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Instead of handling SSL for all clients, a website only needs to handle SSL handshake from a small number of reverse proxies.
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Reverse proxies are everywhere.
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For a modern website, it is not uncommon to have many layers of reverse proxies.
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The first layer could be an edge service like Cloudflare.
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The reverse proxies are deployed to hundreds of locations worldwide close to the users.
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The second layer could be an API gateway or load balancer at the hosting provider.
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Many cloud providers combine these two layers into a single ingress service.
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The user would enter the cloud network at the edge close to the user.
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And from the edge, the reverse proxy connects over a fast fiber network to the load balancer, where the request is evenly distributed over a cluster of web servers.
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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Esta aula de conversação usa o vídeo “Proxy vs Reverse Proxy”. As palavras que mais se repetem: proxy, reverse, client, server, forward. Este vídeo tem 58 frases e 786 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 5:06. O falante fala em ritmo natural, cerca de 154 palavras por minuto, próximo de uma conversa do dia a dia. Apenas 68% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês, por isso o vocabulário é exigente.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
15 palavras do vídeo que vale a pena aprender, com pronúncia e significado:
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| proxy substantivo | /ˈpɹɑk.si/ | procurador, procuradora |
| reverse substantivo | /ɹɪˈvɝs/ | contrário |
| server substantivo | /ˈsɝvɚ/ | servidor, server |
| layer substantivo | /ˈleɪ̯ɚ/ | camada |
| connect verbo | /kəˈnɛkt/ | conectar |
| transparent adjetivo | /tɹænsˈpæɹənt/ | transparente |
| cache substantivo | /kæʃ/ | esconderijo |
| cloud substantivo | /ˈklaʊ̯d/ | nuvem, nimbo |
| institution substantivo | /ˌɪn.stɪˈtʃuː.ʃən/ | instituição |
| provider substantivo | /pɹəˈvaɪ.də(ɹ)/ | fornecedor |
| incoming adjetivo | /ˈɪnˌkʌmɪŋ/ | entrante |
| uncommon adjetivo | /ʌnˈkɒmən/ | incomum |
| distribute verbo | /dɪˈstɹɪbjuːt/ | distribuir, parcelar |
| bypass substantivo | /ˈbaɪpæs/ | desvio, contorno |
| restriction substantivo | /ɹɪˈstɹɪkʃən/ | restrição |
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
- Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: cache /kæʃ/, institution /ˌɪn.stɪˈtʃuː.ʃən/, restriction /ɹɪˈstɹɪkʃən/, potentially /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/, encryption /ɪnˈkɹɪpʃən/
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: institution /ˌɪn.stɪˈtʃuː.ʃən/, potentially /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/, computationally /ˌkɑmpjʊˈteɪʃənəli/
Sons difíceis para falantes de português:
- Consoante final — sem acrescentar um “i” depois: connect /kəˈnɛkt/, transparent /tɹænsˈpæɹənt/, cloud /ˈklaʊ̯d/, distribute /dɪˈstɹɪbjuːt/, intercept /ɪntɚˈsɛpt/
- /l/ final — a língua toca o céu da boca, não vira “u”: reveal /ɹɪˈviːl/, visible /ˈvɪzɪb(ə)l/, firewall /ˈfaɪ(ə)ɹˌwɔl/
- /h/ — um sopro suave, diferente do “r”: behalf /bɪˈhæf/, handshake /ˈhæn(d)ˌʃeɪk/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Comece na velocidade 0,75×, faça shadowing frase por frase e volte à velocidade normal quando ficar fácil.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como proxy, reverse, server.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.