Практика Shadowing: Proxy vs Reverse Proxy (Real-world Examples) - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео
Создание урока...
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Why is Nginet called a reverse proxy?
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What is a proxy anyways?
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Let's take a look.
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Two common types of proxy are forward proxy and reverse proxy.
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A forward proxy is a server that sits between a group of client machines and the internet.
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When those clients make requests to websites on the internet the forward proxy acts as a middleman intercepts those requests
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and talks to the web servers on behalf of those client machines why would anyone want to do
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that here are a few reasons one a forward proxy protects
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the client's online identity by using a forward proxy to connect
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to a website the ip address of the client is hidden
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from the server only the ip address of the proxy is visible, it would be harder to trace back to the client.
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Two, a forward proxy can be used to bypass browsing restrictions.
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Some institutions like governments, schools, and big businesses use firewalls to restrict access to the internet.
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By connecting to a forward proxy outside the firewalls, the client machine can potentially get around these restrictions.
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It does not always work because the firewalls themselves could block the connections to the proxy.
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3. A forward proxy can be used to block access to certain content.
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It is not uncommon for schools
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and businesses to configure the networks to connect all clients to the web through the proxy
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and apply filtering rules to disallow sites like social networks.
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It is worth noting that a forward proxy normally requires a client to configure its application to point to it.
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For large institutions, they usually apply a technique called transparent proxies to streamline the process.
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A transparent proxy works with layer 4 switches to redirect certain types of traffic to the proxy automatically.
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There is no need to configure the client machines to use it.
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It is difficult to bypass a transparent proxy when the client is on the institution's network.
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In summary, a forward proxy sits between the client and the internet and acts on behalf of the client.
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Now let's take a look at the reverse proxy.
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A reverse proxy sits between the internet and the web servers.
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It intercepts the requests from the clients and talks to the web server on behalf of the clients.
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Why would a website use a reverse proxy?
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Here are a few good reasons.
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One, a reverse proxy could be used to protect a website.
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The website's IP addresses are hidden behind the reverse proxy and are not revealed to the clients.
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This makes it much harder to target a DDoS attack against a website.
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Second, a reverse proxy is used for load balancing.
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A popular website handling millions of users every day is unlikely to be able to handle the traffic with a single server.
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A reverse proxy can balance a large amount of incoming requests
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by distributing the traffic to a large pool of web servers and effectively preventing any single one of them from becoming overloaded.
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Note that this assumes that the reverse proxy can handle the incoming traffic.
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Services like Kyle Flare put reverse proxy servers in hundreds of locations all around the world.
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This puts the reverse proxy close to the users and at the same time provides a large amount of processing capacity.
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Third, a reverse proxy caches static content.
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A piece of content could be cached on the reverse proxy for a period of time.
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If the same piece of content is requested again from the reverse proxy, the locally cached version could be quickly returned.
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Fourth, a reverse proxy can handle SSL encryption.
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SSL handshake is computationally expensive.
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A reverse proxy can free up the origin servers from those expensive operations.
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Instead of handling SSL for all clients, a website only needs to handle SSL handshake from a small number of reverse proxies.
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Reverse proxies are everywhere.
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For a modern website, it is not uncommon to have many layers of reverse proxies.
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The first layer could be an edge service like Cloudflare.
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The reverse proxies are deployed to hundreds of locations worldwide close to the users.
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The second layer could be an API gateway or load balancer at the hosting provider.
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Many cloud providers combine these two layers into a single ingress service.
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The user would enter the cloud network at the edge close to the user.
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And from the edge, the reverse proxy connects over a fast fiber network to the load balancer, where the request is evenly distributed over a cluster of web servers.
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Лексика и советы по произношению к этому уроку
Этот урок разговорной практики построен на видео «Proxy vs Reverse Proxy». Чаще всего повторяются слова: proxy, reverse, client, server, forward. В этом видео 58 предложений и 786 слов для шедоуинга. Речь длится 5:06. Говорящий говорит в естественном темпе, около 154 слов в минуту, близком к повседневной речи. Только 68% слов входят в 3000 самых частых слов английского языка, поэтому лексика сложная.
Ключевая лексика этого видео
15 слов из видео, которые стоит выучить, с произношением и значением:
| Слово | Произношение | Значение |
|---|---|---|
| proxy существительное | /ˈpɹɑk.si/ | представи́тель, представи́тельница |
| server существительное | /ˈsɝvɚ/ | се́рвер |
| layer существительное | /ˈleɪ̯ɚ/ | слой, пласт |
| connect глагол | /kəˈnɛkt/ | свя́зывать, связа́ть |
| transparent прилагательное | /tɹænsˈpæɹənt/ | прозра́чный |
| cache существительное | /kæʃ/ | запа́с, тайни́к |
| cloud существительное | /ˈklaʊ̯d/ | о́блако, ту́ча |
| institution существительное | /ˌɪn.stɪˈtʃuː.ʃən/ | институ́т, институ́ция |
| provider существительное | /pɹəˈvaɪ.də(ɹ)/ | прова́йдер, поставщи́к |
| uncommon прилагательное | /ʌnˈkɒmən/ | необы́чный |
| distribute глагол | /dɪˈstɹɪbjuːt/ | распределя́ть, распредели́ть |
| bypass существительное | /ˈbaɪpæs/ | обхо́д, обходно́й путь |
| restriction существительное | /ɹɪˈstɹɪkʃən/ | ограниче́ние |
| intercept глагол | /ɪntɚˈsɛpt/ | заде́рживать, задержа́ть |
| topic существительное | /ˈtɑpɪk/ | те́ма, предме́т |
Произношение, на которое стоит обратить внимание
- Звуки «sh» и «zh»: cache /kæʃ/, institution /ˌɪn.stɪˈtʃuː.ʃən/, restriction /ɹɪˈstɹɪkʃən/, potentially /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/, encryption /ɪnˈkɹɪpʃən/
- Длинные слова — следите за ударением: institution /ˌɪn.stɪˈtʃuː.ʃən/, potentially /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/, computationally /ˌkɑmpjʊˈteɪʃənəli/
Звуки, трудные для русскоязычных:
- /w/ — губы округлены, это не /v/: anyways /ˈɛn.iˌweɪz/, gateway /ˈɡeɪtˌweɪ/, firewall /ˈfaɪ(ə)ɹˌwɔl/
- /h/ — лёгкий выдох, а не русское «х»: behalf /bɪˈhæf/, handshake /ˈhæn(d)ˌʃeɪk/
- Звонкие согласные в конце слова — не оглушайте их: cloud /ˈklaʊ̯d/, anyways /ˈɛn.iˌweɪz/, subscribe /səbˈskɹaɪb/, browse /bɹaʊz/, overload /ˌəʊvəˈləʊd/
Как заниматься с этим видео
- Прослушайте всё видео один раз молча и выпишите незнакомые слова.
- Начните со скорости 0,75×, повторяйте предложение за предложением и вернитесь к обычной скорости, когда станет легко.
- Запишите себя и сравните с оригиналом, обращая внимание на такие слова, как proxy, server, layer.
Что такое техника Shadowing?
Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.