Prática de Shadowing: FANG Interview Question | Process vs Thread - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
Escolha um modo de prática
Cada modo abre uma sala de prática em tela cheia.
47 frases
Se as frases estiverem muito curtas ou longas, clique em Edit para ajustá-las.
1
What's the difference between process and thread?
2
This is a common interview question.
3
Let's take a look.
4
To better answer this question, let's first understand what a program is.
5
A program is an executable file.
6
It contains the code or a set of processing instructions that is stored as a file on disk.
7
When the code in the program is loaded into memory and executed by the processor, it becomes a process.
8
An active process also includes the resources the program needs to run.
9
These resources are managed by the operating system.
10
Some examples are processor registers, program counters, stack pointers, memory pages assigned to the process for its heap and stack,
11
etc. There is an important property of a process that is worth mentioning.
12
Each process has its own memory address space.
13
One process cannot corrupt the memory space of another process.
14
This means that when one process malfunctions, other processes keep running.
15
Chrome is famous for taking advantage of this process isolation by running each tab in its own process.
16
When one tab misbehaves due to a bug or a malicious attack, other tabs are unaffected.
17
Now what is a thread?
18
A thread is the unit of execution within a process.
19
A process has at least one thread.
20
It is called the main thread.
21
It is not uncommon for a process to have many threads.
22
Each thread has its own stack.
23
Earlier we mentioned registers, program counters, and stack pointers as being part of a process.
24
It is more accurate to say that those things belong to a thread.
25
Threads within a process share a memory address space.
26
It is possible to communicate between threads using that shared memory space.
27
However, one misbehaving thread could bring down the entire process.
28
How does the operating system run a thread or process on a CPU?
29
This is handled by context switching.
30
During a context switch, one process is switched out of the CPU so another process can run.
31
The operating system stores the states of the current running process, so the process can be restored and resume execution at a later point.
32
It then restores the previously saved states of a different process and resumes execution for that process.
33
Contact switching is expensive.
34
It involves saving and loading of registers, switching out memory pages, and updating various kernel data structures.
35
Switching execution between threads also requires context switching.
36
It is generally faster to switch context between threads than between processes.
37
There are fewer states to track, and more importantly, since threads share the same memory address space,
38
there is no need to switch out virtual memory pages, which is one of the more expensive operations during a context switch.
39
Contact switching is so costly, there are other mechanisms to try to minimize it, some examples of fibers and coroutines.
40
These mechanisms trace complexity for even lower contact switching cost.
41
In general, they are cooperatively scheduled, that is, they must yield control for others to run.
42
In other words, the application itself handles task scheduling.
43
It is the responsibility of the application to make sure a long -running task is broken up by yielding periodically.
44
This concludes our discussion of process and threads.
45
If you'd like to learn more about system design, check out our books and weekly newsletter.
46
Please subscribe if you learn something new.
47
Thank you so much and we'll see you next time.
Baixar aplicativo
Tudo o que você precisa para falar fluentemente
Pronúncia com IANota em cada frase
Prática de IPADomine cada som
VocabulárioMonte seu banco de palavras
Jogo de vocabulárioAprenda brincando
Mesmo canal
C13
Proxy vs Reverse Proxy (Real-world Examples)
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
Cache Systems Every Developer Should Know
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
Top 5 Redis Use Cases
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C13
Everything You Need to Know About DNS: Crash Course System Design #4
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
CAP Theorem Simplified
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
What Is REST API? Examples And How To Use It: Crash Course System Design #3
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C18
8 Most Important System Design Concepts You Should Know
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
The Secret Sauce Behind NoSQL: LSM Tree
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
System Design: Why is Kafka fast?
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C16
What Are Microservices Really All About? (And When Not To Use It)
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C13
System Design Was HARD - Until You Knew the Trade-Offs
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C13
How Does a URL Shortener Work?
Business EnglishInterview EnglishUniversity Students
C13
System Design: Why is Kafka Popular?
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C14
What is API Gateway?
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
10+ Key Memory & Storage Systems: Crash Course System Design #5
University StudentsWorking Adults
C150
Kubernetes Explained in 6 Minutes | k8s Architecture
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C24
What Is Redis Really About? Why Is It So Popular?
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B2How Git Works: Explained in 4 Minutes
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
FOR YOU
Vídeo recomendado
C11
40 frases
The Engineering that Runs the Digital World 🛠️⚙️💻 How do CPUs Work?
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C15
50 frases
Types Of Manufacturing Processes (Job Shop, Batch, Mass, Flow, Process Type Manufacturing Processes)
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C11
207 frases
Go’s Big Mistake
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
146 frases
🚫 Java Deadlock Explained: Why Your Code is Stuck 😱 (Beginners Must Watch!)
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
74 frases
LangChain in 5 Minutes (Explained Clearly)
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
346 frases
Trust the Process: How to Design Teams That Actually Work
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
444 frases
INTRODUCTION INTO HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT - LECTURE 01
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C13
173 frases
STOP Running Code On Your Computer
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C14
33 frases
Brainf**k in 100 Seconds
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C11
154 frases
How do some languages not have tense?
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Esta aula de conversação usa o vídeo “FANG Interview Question”. As palavras que mais se repetem: process, thread, memory, switching, program. Este vídeo tem 47 frases e 565 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 3:41. O falante fala em ritmo natural, cerca de 153 palavras por minuto, próximo de uma conversa do dia a dia. Apenas 78% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês, por isso o vocabulário é exigente.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
15 palavras do vídeo que vale a pena aprender, com pronúncia e significado:
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| thread substantivo | /ˈθɹɛd/ | fio, linha |
| execution substantivo | /ˌɛk.sɪˈkjuː.ʃən/ | execução |
| stack substantivo | /stæk/ | pilha |
| resource substantivo | /ɹɪˈzɔːs/ | recurso, expediente |
| mechanism substantivo | /ˈmɛk.ə.nɪ.zəm/ | mecanismo |
| restore verbo | /ɹɪˈstoɹ/ | restaurar |
| yield verbo | /jiːld/ | resultar |
| resume verbo | /ˈɹɛz.ə.meɪ/ | retomar, continuar |
| processor substantivo | /ˈpɹɑˌsɛsɚ/ | processador |
| pointer substantivo | /ˈpɔɪn.təɹ/ | ponteiro |
| belong verbo | /bɪˈlɒŋ/ | pertencer |
| virtual adjetivo | /ˈvɜɹt͡ʃuəl/ | virtual |
| fewer | /ˈfjuː.ɚ/ | menos |
| involve verbo | /ɪnˈvɑlv/ | envolver |
| communicate verbo | /kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/ | comunicar |
Phrasal verbs que você vai ouvir
| Palavra | Significado |
|---|---|
| check out verbo | verificar, sacar só |
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
- Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: execution /ˌɛk.sɪˈkjuː.ʃən/, instruction /ɪnˈstɹʌkʃən/, isolation /ˌaɪsəˈleɪʃən/, malicious /məˈlɪʃəs/, malfunction /ˌmælˈfʌŋk.ʃən/
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: execution /ˌɛk.sɪˈkjuː.ʃən/, mechanism /ˈmɛk.ə.nɪ.zəm/, communicate /kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/, importantly /ɪmˈpɔɹ.tənt.li/, complexity /kəmˈplɛk.sɪ.ti/
Sons difíceis para falantes de português:
- Consoante final — sem acrescentar um “i” depois: thread /ˈθɹɛd/, stack /stæk/, yield /jiːld/, communicate /kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/, corrupt /kəˈɹʌpt/
- /l/ final — a língua toca o céu da boca, não vira “u”: virtual /ˈvɜɹt͡ʃuəl/, kernel /ˈkɝ.nəl/, executable /ˈɛksəkjutəbl/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Comece na velocidade 0,75×, faça shadowing frase por frase e volte à velocidade normal quando ficar fácil.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como thread, execution, stack.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.