Shadowing Practice: FANG Interview Question | Process vs Thread - Learn English Speaking with Video
Bir pratik modu seçin
Her mod tam ekran bir pratik odası açar.
47 cümleler
Cümleler çok kısa veya çok uzun ise, ayarlamak için Düzenle'ye tıklayın.
1
What's the difference between process and thread?
2
This is a common interview question.
3
Let's take a look.
4
To better answer this question, let's first understand what a program is.
5
A program is an executable file.
6
It contains the code or a set of processing instructions that is stored as a file on disk.
7
When the code in the program is loaded into memory and executed by the processor, it becomes a process.
8
An active process also includes the resources the program needs to run.
9
These resources are managed by the operating system.
10
Some examples are processor registers, program counters, stack pointers, memory pages assigned to the process for its heap and stack,
11
etc. There is an important property of a process that is worth mentioning.
12
Each process has its own memory address space.
13
One process cannot corrupt the memory space of another process.
14
This means that when one process malfunctions, other processes keep running.
15
Chrome is famous for taking advantage of this process isolation by running each tab in its own process.
16
When one tab misbehaves due to a bug or a malicious attack, other tabs are unaffected.
17
Now what is a thread?
18
A thread is the unit of execution within a process.
19
A process has at least one thread.
20
It is called the main thread.
21
It is not uncommon for a process to have many threads.
22
Each thread has its own stack.
23
Earlier we mentioned registers, program counters, and stack pointers as being part of a process.
24
It is more accurate to say that those things belong to a thread.
25
Threads within a process share a memory address space.
26
It is possible to communicate between threads using that shared memory space.
27
However, one misbehaving thread could bring down the entire process.
28
How does the operating system run a thread or process on a CPU?
29
This is handled by context switching.
30
During a context switch, one process is switched out of the CPU so another process can run.
31
The operating system stores the states of the current running process, so the process can be restored and resume execution at a later point.
32
It then restores the previously saved states of a different process and resumes execution for that process.
33
Contact switching is expensive.
34
It involves saving and loading of registers, switching out memory pages, and updating various kernel data structures.
35
Switching execution between threads also requires context switching.
36
It is generally faster to switch context between threads than between processes.
37
There are fewer states to track, and more importantly, since threads share the same memory address space,
38
there is no need to switch out virtual memory pages, which is one of the more expensive operations during a context switch.
39
Contact switching is so costly, there are other mechanisms to try to minimize it, some examples of fibers and coroutines.
40
These mechanisms trace complexity for even lower contact switching cost.
41
In general, they are cooperatively scheduled, that is, they must yield control for others to run.
42
In other words, the application itself handles task scheduling.
43
It is the responsibility of the application to make sure a long -running task is broken up by yielding periodically.
44
This concludes our discussion of process and threads.
45
If you'd like to learn more about system design, check out our books and weekly newsletter.
46
Please subscribe if you learn something new.
47
Thank you so much and we'll see you next time.
Uygulamayı İndir
Akıcı konuşmak için ihtiyacınız olan her şey
AI TelaffuzHer cümleyi puanla
IPA AlıştırmasıHer sesi ustalaştır
Kelime BilgisiKelime bankanızı oluşturun
Kelime OyunuOynarken öğrenin
Aynı Kanal
C13
Proxy vs Reverse Proxy (Real-world Examples)
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
Cache Systems Every Developer Should Know
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
Top 5 Redis Use Cases
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C13
Everything You Need to Know About DNS: Crash Course System Design #4
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
CAP Theorem Simplified
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
What Is REST API? Examples And How To Use It: Crash Course System Design #3
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C18
8 Most Important System Design Concepts You Should Know
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
The Secret Sauce Behind NoSQL: LSM Tree
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
System Design: Why is Kafka fast?
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C16
What Are Microservices Really All About? (And When Not To Use It)
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C13
System Design Was HARD - Until You Knew the Trade-Offs
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C13
How Does a URL Shortener Work?
Business EnglishInterview EnglishUniversity Students
C13
System Design: Why is Kafka Popular?
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C14
What is API Gateway?
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
10+ Key Memory & Storage Systems: Crash Course System Design #5
University StudentsWorking Adults
C150
Kubernetes Explained in 6 Minutes | k8s Architecture
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C24
What Is Redis Really About? Why Is It So Popular?
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B2How Git Works: Explained in 4 Minutes
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
FOR YOU
Video Öner
C11
40 cümleler
The Engineering that Runs the Digital World 🛠️⚙️💻 How do CPUs Work?
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C15
50 cümleler
Types Of Manufacturing Processes (Job Shop, Batch, Mass, Flow, Process Type Manufacturing Processes)
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C11
207 cümleler
Go’s Big Mistake
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
146 cümleler
🚫 Java Deadlock Explained: Why Your Code is Stuck 😱 (Beginners Must Watch!)
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
74 cümleler
LangChain in 5 Minutes (Explained Clearly)
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
346 cümleler
Trust the Process: How to Design Teams That Actually Work
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
444 cümleler
INTRODUCTION INTO HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT - LECTURE 01
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C13
173 cümleler
STOP Running Code On Your Computer
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C14
33 cümleler
Brainf**k in 100 Seconds
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C11
154 cümleler
How do some languages not have tense?
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
Bu dersin kelimeleri ve konuşma notları
Bu konuşma dersi “FANG Interview Question” videosuna dayanıyor. En çok tekrarlanan kelimeler: process, thread, memory, switching, program. Bu videoda gölgeleme çalışması için 47 cümle ve 565 kelime var. Konuşma bölümü 3:41 sürüyor. Konuşmacı dakikada yaklaşık 153 kelimeyle, günlük konuşmaya yakın doğal bir hızda konuşuyor. Kelimelerin yalnızca %78’i İngilizcede en sık kullanılan 3.000 kelime arasında, bu yüzden kelime dağarcığı zorlayıcı.
Bu videodaki önemli kelimeler
Videodan öğrenmeye değer 15 kelime, telaffuzu ve anlamıyla:
| Kelime | Telaffuz | Anlam |
|---|---|---|
| thread isim | /ˈθɹɛd/ | iplik |
| execution isim | /ˌɛk.sɪˈkjuː.ʃən/ | işletim |
| stack isim | /stæk/ | yığın |
| resource isim | /ɹɪˈzɔːs/ | kaynak |
| mechanism isim | /ˈmɛk.ə.nɪ.zəm/ | mekanizma |
| restore fiil | /ɹɪˈstoɹ/ | onarmak, tamir etmek |
| yield fiil | /jiːld/ | ürün vermek |
| pointer isim | /ˈpɔɪn.təɹ/ | işaret çubuğu |
| virtual sıfat | /ˈvɜɹt͡ʃuəl/ | sanal |
| trace isim | /tɹeɪs/ | bulmak, iz sürmek |
| corrupt sıfat | /kəˈɹʌpt/ | yoz, yozlaşmış |
| complexity isim | /kəmˈplɛk.sɪ.ti/ | karmaşıklık |
| isolation isim | /ˌaɪsəˈleɪʃən/ | izole etmek izole olmak |
| subscribe fiil | /səbˈskɹaɪb/ | abone olmak |
| disk isim | /dɪsk/ | disk, ağırşak |
Duyacağınız deyimsel fiiller
| Kelime | Anlam |
|---|---|
| check out fiil | gözden geçirmek |
Dikkat edilecek telaffuzlar
- “sh” ve “zh” sesleri: execution /ˌɛk.sɪˈkjuː.ʃən/, instruction /ɪnˈstɹʌkʃən/, isolation /ˌaɪsəˈleɪʃən/, malicious /məˈlɪʃəs/, malfunction /ˌmælˈfʌŋk.ʃən/
- Uzun kelimeler — vurguyu doğru yere koyun: execution /ˌɛk.sɪˈkjuː.ʃən/, mechanism /ˈmɛk.ə.nɪ.zəm/, communicate /kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/, importantly /ɪmˈpɔɹ.tənt.li/, complexity /kəmˈplɛk.sɪ.ti/
Türkçe konuşanların zorlandığı sesler:
- Kelime başındaki ünsüz kümesi — araya ünlü eklemeyin: thread /ˈθɹɛd/, stack /stæk/, processor /ˈpɹɑˌsɛsɚ/, fewer /ˈfjuː.ɚ/, trace /tɹeɪs/
- /æ/ — “e”den daha açık: stack /stæk/, tab /tæb/, malfunction /ˌmælˈfʌŋk.ʃən/
Bu videoyla nasıl çalışılır
- Videonun tamamını konuşmadan bir kez dinleyin ve bilmediğiniz kelimeleri not edin.
- 0,75× hızla başlayın, cümle cümle tekrar edin ve kolaylaşınca normal hıza dönün.
- Kendinizi kaydedin ve orijinaliyle karşılaştırın; thread, execution, stack gibi kelimelere özellikle dikkat edin.
Gölgeleme Tekniği Nedir?
Gölgeleme, başlangıçta profesyonel tercüman eğitimi için geliştirilen ve çok dilli Dr. Alexander Arguelles tarafından popüler hale getirilen, bilim destekli bir dil öğrenme tekniğidir. Yöntem basit ama güçlüdür: ana dili İngilizce olan bir sesi dinler ve hemen yüksek sesle tekrar edersiniz — konuşmacıyı 1-2 saniye gecikmeyle takip eden bir gölge gibi. Pasif dinleme veya dilbilgisi alıştırmalarının aksine, gölgeleme beyninizi ve ağız kaslarınızı gerçek konuşma kalıplarını eşzamanlı olarak işlemeye ve yeniden üretmeye zorlar. Araştırmalar, telaffuz doğruluğu, tonlama, ritim, bağlı konuşma, dinleme anlama ve konuşma akıcılığını önemli ölçüde geliştirdiğini göstermektedir — bu da onu IELTS Konuşma hazırlığı ve gerçek dünya İngilizce iletişimi için en etkili yöntemlerden biri yapar.