शैडोइंग अभ्यास: FANG Interview Question | Process vs Thread - वीडियो के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें

अभ्यास मोड चुनें

हर मोड पूरी स्क्रीन का अभ्यास कक्ष खोलता है।

47 वाक्य
यदि वाक्य बहुत छोटे या लंबे हों, तो समायोजित करने के लिए Edit पर क्लिक करें।
1
What's the difference between process and thread?
2
This is a common interview question.
3
Let's take a look.
4
To better answer this question, let's first understand what a program is.
5
A program is an executable file.
6
It contains the code or a set of processing instructions that is stored as a file on disk.
7
When the code in the program is loaded into memory and executed by the processor, it becomes a process.
8
An active process also includes the resources the program needs to run.
9
These resources are managed by the operating system.
10
Some examples are processor registers, program counters, stack pointers, memory pages assigned to the process for its heap and stack,
11
etc. There is an important property of a process that is worth mentioning.
12
Each process has its own memory address space.
13
One process cannot corrupt the memory space of another process.
14
This means that when one process malfunctions, other processes keep running.
15
Chrome is famous for taking advantage of this process isolation by running each tab in its own process.
16
When one tab misbehaves due to a bug or a malicious attack, other tabs are unaffected.
17
Now what is a thread?
18
A thread is the unit of execution within a process.
19
A process has at least one thread.
20
It is called the main thread.
21
It is not uncommon for a process to have many threads.
22
Each thread has its own stack.
23
Earlier we mentioned registers, program counters, and stack pointers as being part of a process.
24
It is more accurate to say that those things belong to a thread.
25
Threads within a process share a memory address space.
26
It is possible to communicate between threads using that shared memory space.
27
However, one misbehaving thread could bring down the entire process.
28
How does the operating system run a thread or process on a CPU?
29
This is handled by context switching.
30
During a context switch, one process is switched out of the CPU so another process can run.
31
The operating system stores the states of the current running process, so the process can be restored and resume execution at a later point.
32
It then restores the previously saved states of a different process and resumes execution for that process.
33
Contact switching is expensive.
34
It involves saving and loading of registers, switching out memory pages, and updating various kernel data structures.
35
Switching execution between threads also requires context switching.
36
It is generally faster to switch context between threads than between processes.
37
There are fewer states to track, and more importantly, since threads share the same memory address space,
38
there is no need to switch out virtual memory pages, which is one of the more expensive operations during a context switch.
39
Contact switching is so costly, there are other mechanisms to try to minimize it, some examples of fibers and coroutines.
40
These mechanisms trace complexity for even lower contact switching cost.
41
In general, they are cooperatively scheduled, that is, they must yield control for others to run.
42
In other words, the application itself handles task scheduling.
43
It is the responsibility of the application to make sure a long -running task is broken up by yielding periodically.
44
This concludes our discussion of process and threads.
45
If you'd like to learn more about system design, check out our books and weekly newsletter.
46
Please subscribe if you learn something new.
47
Thank you so much and we'll see you next time.

ऐप डाउनलोड करें

धाराप्रवाह बोलने के लिए ज़रूरी सब कुछ

AI उच्चारण स्कोरहर वाक्य का स्कोर
IPA अभ्यासहर ध्वनि में महारत
शब्दावलीअपना शब्द भंडार बनाएँ
शब्द गेमखेलते हुए सीखें
QR स्कैन करें
QR स्कैन करें
Download on theApp StoreGet it onGoogle Play

उसी चैनल से

Proxy vs Reverse Proxy (Real-world Examples)C1
3

Proxy vs Reverse Proxy (Real-world Examples)

Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
Cache Systems Every Developer Should KnowC1
2

Cache Systems Every Developer Should Know

Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
Top 5 Redis Use CasesC1
2

Top 5 Redis Use Cases

Daily ConversationUniversity Students
Everything You Need to Know About DNS: Crash Course System Design #4C1
3

Everything You Need to Know About DNS: Crash Course System Design #4

Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
CAP Theorem SimplifiedC1
2

CAP Theorem Simplified

Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
What Is REST API? Examples And How To Use It: Crash Course System Design #3C1
2

What Is REST API? Examples And How To Use It: Crash Course System Design #3

Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
8 Most Important System Design Concepts You Should KnowC1
8

8 Most Important System Design Concepts You Should Know

Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
The Secret Sauce Behind NoSQL: LSM TreeC1
1

The Secret Sauce Behind NoSQL: LSM Tree

Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
System Design: Why is Kafka fast?C1
1

System Design: Why is Kafka fast?

Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
What Are Microservices Really All About? (And When Not To Use It)C1
6

What Are Microservices Really All About? (And When Not To Use It)

Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
System Design Was HARD - Until You Knew the Trade-OffsC1
3

System Design Was HARD - Until You Knew the Trade-Offs

Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
How Does a URL Shortener Work?C1
3

How Does a URL Shortener Work?

Business EnglishInterview EnglishUniversity Students
System Design: Why is Kafka Popular?C1
3

System Design: Why is Kafka Popular?

Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
What is API Gateway?C1
4

What is API Gateway?

Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
10+ Key Memory & Storage Systems: Crash Course System Design #5C1
2

10+ Key Memory & Storage Systems: Crash Course System Design #5

University StudentsWorking Adults
Kubernetes Explained in 6 Minutes | k8s ArchitectureC1
50

Kubernetes Explained in 6 Minutes | k8s Architecture

Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
What Is Redis Really About? Why Is It So Popular?C2
4

What Is Redis Really About? Why Is It So Popular?

Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
How Git Works: Explained in 4 MinutesB2

How Git Works: Explained in 4 Minutes

Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
FOR YOU

अनुशंसित वीडियो

The Engineering that Runs the Digital World 🛠️⚙️💻 How do CPUs Work?C1
1
40 वाक्य

The Engineering that Runs the Digital World 🛠️⚙️💻 How do CPUs Work?

Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
Types Of Manufacturing Processes (Job Shop, Batch, Mass, Flow, Process Type Manufacturing Processes)C1
5
50 वाक्य

Types Of Manufacturing Processes (Job Shop, Batch, Mass, Flow, Process Type Manufacturing Processes)

Daily ConversationUniversity Students
Go’s Big MistakeC1
1
207 वाक्य

Go’s Big Mistake

Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
🚫 Java Deadlock Explained: Why Your Code is Stuck 😱 (Beginners Must Watch!)C1
1
146 वाक्य

🚫 Java Deadlock Explained: Why Your Code is Stuck 😱 (Beginners Must Watch!)

Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
LangChain in 5 Minutes (Explained Clearly)C1
1
74 वाक्य

LangChain in 5 Minutes (Explained Clearly)

Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
Trust the Process: How to Design Teams That Actually WorkC1
1
346 वाक्य

Trust the Process: How to Design Teams That Actually Work

Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
INTRODUCTION INTO HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT - LECTURE 01C1
2
444 वाक्य

INTRODUCTION INTO HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT - LECTURE 01

Daily ConversationUniversity Students
STOP Running Code On Your ComputerC1
3
173 वाक्य

STOP Running Code On Your Computer

Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
Brainf**k in 100 SecondsC1
4
33 वाक्य

Brainf**k in 100 Seconds

Daily ConversationUniversity Students
How do some languages not have tense?C1
1
154 वाक्य

How do some languages not have tense?

Daily ConversationUniversity Students

इस पाठ की शब्दावली और बोलने के सुझाव

यह स्पीकिंग पाठ वीडियो “FANG Interview Question” पर आधारित है। सबसे ज़्यादा दोहराए गए शब्द ये हैं: process, thread, memory, switching, program। इस वीडियो में शैडोइंग के लिए 47 वाक्य और 565 शब्द हैं। बोला गया हिस्सा 3:41 लंबा है। वक्ता लगभग 153 शब्द प्रति मिनट की स्वाभाविक गति से बोलता है, जो रोज़मर्रा की बातचीत के करीब है। केवल 78% शब्द अंग्रेज़ी के 3,000 सबसे आम शब्दों में से हैं, इसलिए शब्दावली कठिन है।

इस वीडियो की मुख्य शब्दावली

वीडियो के 14 सीखने लायक शब्द, उच्चारण और अर्थ के साथ:

शब्दउच्चारणअर्थ
thread संज्ञा/ˈθɹɛd/धागा, सूत
execution संज्ञा/ˌɛk.sɪˈkjuː.ʃən/निष्पादन, अमल
stack संज्ञा/stæk/धुआँरा
resource संज्ञा/ɹɪˈzɔːs/संसाधन
mechanism संज्ञा/ˈmɛk.ə.nɪ.zəm/तंत्र, यंत्रावली
restore क्रिया/ɹɪˈstoɹ/बहाल करना
trace संज्ञा/tɹeɪs/चिह्न
corrupt विशेषण/kəˈɹʌpt/बेईमान, भ्रष्ट
instruction संज्ञा/ɪnˈstɹʌkʃən/उपदेश, शिक्षण
disk संज्ञा/dɪsk/डिस्क, चक्र
conclude क्रिया/kənˈkluːd/समापन
malicious विशेषण/məˈlɪʃəs/द्वेषी
assign क्रिया/əˈsaɪn/निर्दिष्ट, आवंटित करना
misbehave क्रियादुर्व्यवहार, दुराचार

ध्यान देने योग्य उच्चारण

  • “sh” और “zh” की ध्वनियाँ: execution /ˌɛk.sɪˈkjuː.ʃən/, instruction /ɪnˈstɹʌkʃən/, isolation /ˌaɪsəˈleɪʃən/, malicious /məˈlɪʃəs/, malfunction /ˌmælˈfʌŋk.ʃən/
  • लंबे शब्द — बलाघात सही रखें: execution /ˌɛk.sɪˈkjuː.ʃən/, mechanism /ˈmɛk.ə.nɪ.zəm/, communicate /kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/, importantly /ɪmˈpɔɹ.tənt.li/, complexity /kəmˈplɛk.sɪ.ti/

हिंदी भाषियों के लिए मुश्किल ध्वनियाँ:

  • /v/ और /w/ का फ़र्क़ — /v/ में ऊपर के दाँत निचले होंठ को छूते हैं, /w/ में होंठ गोल होते हैं: virtual /ˈvɜɹt͡ʃuəl/, involve /ɪnˈvɑlv/
  • /z/ — इसे “ज” (/dʒ/) न बनाएँ: resource /ɹɪˈzɔːs/, mechanism /ˈmɛk.ə.nɪ.zəm/, resume /ˈɹɛz.ə.meɪ/, minimize /ˈmɪn.ɪˌmaɪz/, newsletter /ˈn(j)uzˌlɛtɚ/
  • /æ/ — “ऐ” से ज़्यादा खुला: stack /stæk/, tab /tæb/, malfunction /ˌmælˈfʌŋk.ʃən/

इस वीडियो से अभ्यास कैसे करें

  1. पहले बिना बोले पूरा वीडियो एक बार सुनें और जो शब्द नहीं आते उन्हें लिख लें।
  2. 0.75× गति से शुरू करें, एक-एक वाक्य की शैडोइंग करें, और सहज लगने पर सामान्य गति पर लौटें।
  3. अपनी आवाज़ रिकॉर्ड करें और मूल से तुलना करें, ख़ासकर thread, execution, stack जैसे शब्दों पर ध्यान दें।

शैडोइंग तकनीक क्या है?

शैडोइंग (Shadowing) एक विज्ञान-समर्थित भाषा सीखने की तकनीक है जो मूल रूप से पेशेवर दुभाषिया प्रशिक्षण के लिए विकसित की गई थी। विधि सरल लेकिन शक्तिशाली है: आप मूल अंग्रेज़ी ऑडियो सुनते हैं और तुरंत इसे ज़ोर से दोहराते हैं — जैसे वक्ता की छाया 1-2 सेकंड की देरी से। शोध से पता चलता है कि यह उच्चारण सटीकता, स्वर, लय, जुड़ी हुई ध्वनियाँ, सुनने की समझ और बोलने की प्रवाहशीलता में काफ़ी सुधार करता है।

शैडोइंग तकनीक: पूरी चरण-दर-चरण गाइड पढ़ें →