Prática de Shadowing: Stop Playing Small. Go All In. - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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Fortune favors the brave.
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Playing small is not modesty.
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It's insurance.
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It's a way of living where you never give everything.
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So you never have to find out what everything would get you.
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And it works.
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It protects you from failure.
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But it also protects you from every result that would have changed your life.
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Going all in is the opposite decision.
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It means giving full effort, cutting off the easy exits, and aiming at something big enough to demand all of you.
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Here's why most men hold back, what it costs them, and how to stop.
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Start with why.
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In 1978, the psychologists Stephen Berglis and Edward Jones gave students a set of puzzles.
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Some got puzzles that could be solved.
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Others got puzzles that were impossible.
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Then everyone was told they had done very well.
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Think about how the second group felt.
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They'd been praised for something they knew they hadn't really earned.
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They had no idea how they'd succeeded and no confidence they could do it again.
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Before a second test, every student was offered a choice between two drugs.
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One, they were told, would improve their performance.
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The other would make it worse.
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Among the men who had been praised for the impossible puzzles, 70 % chose the drug that would make them perform worse.
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Among the men who had solved real puzzles, only 13 % did.
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Why would anyone choose to be worse?
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Because if you fail under the influence of a drug, the failure isn't about you.
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It's about the drug.
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Psychologists call this self -handicapping.
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When a man isn't sure he can succeed, he'll often build his own excuse in advance, so that if he fails,
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his ability is never put on trial.
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Most men don't do it with drugs.
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They do it with half effort.
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They start the business but don't really commit.
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They train but not seriously.
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They apply for the job at the last minute.
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They hold something back so that if it goes wrong, they can tell themselves, I wasn't really trying.
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That's what playing small actually is.
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It's not a lack of talent.
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It's a way of protecting your self -image from the truth.
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And the price is enormous because the man who never gives full effort never learns what full effort would have done.
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He trades his potential for an excuse.
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The second way men play small is the backup plan.
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It sounds responsible.
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Always have a plan B.
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But in 2016, the researchers Jihei Shin and Catherine Milkman tested what a backup plan does to the person making it.
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Participants worked on a task, and if they performed well, they earned a reward.
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Some were first asked to think about how they could get that reward another way if they failed.
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The ones who made a backup plan performed worse.
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A follow -up study pointed to why.
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Simply making the backup plan reduced how much they wanted to succeed at the main goal.
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The exit made the mission feel less urgent.
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That's the hidden cost.
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When part of your mind is planning the retreat, it's not fighting the battle.
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The researchers were careful about what this means.
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They didn't say never have a backup plan.
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They found the effect applies to goals that depend on effort.
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And they suggested waiting until you've done everything you can for the main goal before turning to the alternative.
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Your backup plan is not the problem.
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Thinking about it while you're supposed to be giving everything is.
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There's a famous story about this.
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In 1519, Hernán Cortés landed on the coast of Mexico.
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Some of his men wanted to sail back to Cuba.
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So he had his ships stripped and wrecked so they could never sail again.
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People usually say he burned them.
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He didn't.
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But the effect was the same.
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Retreat was no longer an option.
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And the only direction left was forward.
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You don't need to sink ships.
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But you need to know which exits are draining your commitment.
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The phone number you keep for when it gets hard.
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The excuse you've already prepared.
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The voice that says, if this doesn't work, I'll just go back.
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Sometimes the most powerful thing you can do is close the door behind you.
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The third way men play small is by aiming low.
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The psychologists Edwin Locke and Gary Latham spent decades studying goals.
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One major review by Locke and his colleagues found that in about 90 % of studies, specific, challenging goals led to better performance than easy goals
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or no goals at all and they consistently beat the vague instruction to just do your best.
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The reason is simple.
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A small goal asks for a small part of you.
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You can reach it while holding back.
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But a goal that's genuinely hard forces you to use.. everything you have.
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It demands more focus, more persistence, and better strategy.
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It pulls out a level of effort you would never have volunteered.
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So the size of your goal isn't just about the result.
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It determines who you become trying to reach it.
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A man aiming at something small will become exactly as strong as that thing requires.
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Nothing more.
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Now, be careful.
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Going all in does not mean being reckless. In 2014,
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the researchers Joseph Rafi and Ji Feng followed thousands of Americans over more than a decade
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and looked at the ones who started businesses.
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Those who built their business while keeping their day job
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and only went full -time later were about a third less likely to exit the business than those who quit
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and jumped straight in.
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That surprises people, but it teaches something important.
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All in is not about how dramatic the leap looks.
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It's not about quitting in a rage and posting about it.
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It's about total commitment to the outcome and total effort every day you work on it.
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The man building at night after his shift, giving every spare hour, is more all in than the man who quit his job loudly
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and then spends half his day distracted.
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Burn your excuses, not your safety net.
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Close the mental exits, not every financial one.
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The goal is to remove the doubt from your effort, not to put your family at risk to prove a point.
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So how do you go all in?
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First, name the thing you've been half doing.
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Every man has one.
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The project, the skill, the body, the business you keep circling without committing.
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Be honest about it.
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Second, find your handicap.
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Ask yourself, what excuse am I building in advance?
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Not enough time?
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Not the right moment?
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Not really trying yet?
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Write it down.
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An excuse you can see loses most of its power.
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Third, set a goal that scares you a little.
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Specific, measurable, hard enough that you can't reach it while holding back.
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Not do my best.
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A number, a date.
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Fourth, deal with the exits.
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Make your backup plan once if you need one.
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Then put it away and stop rehearsing it.
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Every time your mind drifts to plan B, bring it back to plan A.
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And fifth, make it public or make it costly.
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Tell someone who will hold you to it.
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Pay for the coach.
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Book the competition.
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Put something on the line so that walking away has a price.
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Here's the truth most men never face.
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If you give half effort and fail, you'll always wonder.
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But if you give everything and fail, you'll know exactly where you stand.
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And you'll have grown more in that attempt than in years of playing it safe.
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And if you give everything and succeed, you'll finally see what you were capable of all along.
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Fortune favors the brave.
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Not because the brave are lucky, because they're the only ones who show up with everything, often enough, for fortune to find them.
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So stop protecting yourself from your own potential.
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Stop playing small.
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Go all in.
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Thank you.
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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Esta aula de conversação usa o vídeo “Stop Playing Small. Go All In”. As palavras que mais se repetem: goal, effort, backup, exit, excuse. Este vídeo tem 140 frases e 1322 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 8:08. O falante fala em ritmo natural, cerca de 163 palavras por minuto, próximo de uma conversa do dia a dia. 87% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês, por isso o vocabulário é fácil de acompanhar.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
15 palavras do vídeo que vale a pena aprender, com pronúncia e significado:
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| backup substantivo | /ˈbækˌʌp/ | backup, becape |
| exit substantivo | /ˈɛɡzət/ | saída |
| puzzle substantivo | /ˈpʌzəl/ | enigma |
| succeed verbo | /səkˈsiːd/ | seguir |
| brave adjetivo | /bɹeɪv/ | bravo, valente |
| fortune substantivo | /ˈfɔːtjuːn/ | destino, fortuna |
| researcher substantivo | /ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/ | pesquisador, pesquisadora |
| psychologist substantivo | /ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/ | psicólogo, psicóloga |
| earn verbo | /ɝn/ | receber |
| commitment substantivo | /kəˈmɪtmənt/ | compromisso, promessa |
| solve verbo | /sɒlv/ | resolver, solucionar |
| reward substantivo | /ɹɪˈwɔɹd/ | recompensa |
| praise verbo | /pɹeɪz/ | louvar, enaltecer |
| retreat substantivo | /ɹɪˈtɹiːt/ | retirada |
| sail substantivo | /seɪl/ | vela |
Phrasal verbs que você vai ouvir
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| cut off verbo | /ˌkʌt ˈɔf/ [ˌkɐɾ ˈɔf] | recortar |
| find out verbo | descobrir | |
| go back verbo | voltar | |
| pull out verbo | retirar, retirar-se |
Frases que vale a pena repetir
Frases curtas e completas do vídeo que você pode usar na conversa do dia a dia:
- You don't need to sink ships.
- The excuse you've already prepared.
- First, name the thing you've been half doing.
- Ask yourself, what excuse am I building in advance?
Gramática neste vídeo
As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:
| Estrutura | No vídeo |
|---|---|
| Frases condicionais if + oração, will/would + verbo — uma condição e seu resultado | if this doesn't work, I'll just · if you give everything and fail, you'll know · if you give everything and succeed, you'll finally |
| Orações relativas who / which + oração — informação extra sobre uma pessoa ou coisa | men who had · man who never · ones who made |
| Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem faz | could be solved · was told · been praised |
| Present perfect have/has + particípio passado — uma ação passada que ainda importa agora | you've done · you've already prepared · you've been |
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
O falante usa 25 contrações e formas reduzidas, como you'll, don't, isn't. Diga-as na forma curta, do jeito que você ouve.
- Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: instruction /ɪnˈstɹʌkʃən/, measurable /ˈmɛʒəɹəbəl/
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: psychologist /ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/, consistently /kənˈsɪstəntli/, genuinely /ˈd͡ʒɛn.ju.ɪn.li/, participant /pɑːɹˈtɪsəpənt/, measurable /ˈmɛʒəɹəbəl/
Sons difíceis para falantes de português:
- Consoante final — sem acrescentar um “i” depois: backup /ˈbækˌʌp/, exit /ˈɛɡzət/, succeed /səkˈsiːd/, psychologist /ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/, commitment /kəˈmɪtmənt/
- /l/ final — a língua toca o céu da boca, não vira “u”: puzzle /ˈpʌzəl/, sail /seɪl/, skill /skɪl/, measurable /ˈmɛʒəɹəbəl/
- /h/ — um sopro suave, diferente do “r”: handicap /ˈhændikæp/, rehearse /ɹɪˈhɝs/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Comece na velocidade 0,75×, faça shadowing frase por frase e volte à velocidade normal quando ficar fácil.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como backup, exit, puzzle.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.