Prática de Shadowing: The best thing to do for your brain | David Eagleman on The TED Interview - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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35 frases
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What advice would you give to someone who's, I don't know, in their 40s, 50s, 60s, 70s, 80s?
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Like how, what should we do to be the best stewards of our brains?
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I'll tell you, it's so easy.
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It's to seek novelty, it's to seek challenge.
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So the key is for most people as they get older, they, you know, whatever, their lives shrink,
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they watch Jerry Springer, they do whatever they do.
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But the key is challenging stuff.
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So there's this study that's been going on for decades.
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You may know about this called the Religious Orders Study, where a whole bunch of nuns in convents volunteered to give their brains upon their death.
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So what happened is the researchers started examining these histological samples
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and realized that some fraction of these nuns had Alzheimer's disease
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and their brains were physically getting chewed up with the Alzheimer's and yet nobody knew it when they were alive.
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They just weren't showing the cognitive deficits.
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Okay, so they do a big understanding that, What was going on was they lived in the convents till the day they died.
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They had social interaction.
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They had chores and responsibilities.
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They played games, they had conversations, they were doing all kinds of stuff.
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And as a result, even though their brain was physically degenerating with the ravages of the disease, they were building new bridges,
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new roadways all the time.
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And as a result, they were able to essentially fight back against the degeneration of the tissue.
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This is the important thing is to always seek challenges.
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Go ahead.
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I was going to say, is it challenges that themselves vary?
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So if someone finds doing a crossword challenging, but they do it every day and keep doing it, is that good or is that actually,
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or playing bridge every week or something like that, or is it actually much better to mix that up
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and actually know I'm going to travel to a new place and whatever.
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As soon as you get good at the crossword puzzles, you got to drop that and do something that's hard.
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The key is to be between the levels of frustrating but achievable.
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And that's where you always want to keep yourself in life.
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And as long as you're there, as long as you're there, you're doing the best thing you can do for your way.
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I mean, this is, I'm not- You're between frustrating and achievable.
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You're always frustrated and never achieving.
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That's to say.
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Yeah, it's funny because there's so much that we know, you know, so much stuff pouring out in neuroscience labs, but this is still the key,
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the single piece of advice really that we have for putting off dementia.
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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Esta aula de conversação usa o vídeo “The best thing to do for your brain”. As palavras que mais se repetem: brain, key, seek, challenge, whatever. Este vídeo tem 35 frases e 457 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 2:27. O falante fala rápido, cerca de 186 palavras por minuto, então espere sons ligados e reduzidos. 85% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês; vale a pena estudar o restante antes de começar.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
15 palavras do vídeo que vale a pena aprender, com pronúncia e significado:
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| physically advérbio | /ˈfɪz.ɪ.kli/ | fisicamente |
| nun substantivo | /nʌn/ | freira, religiosa |
| essentially advérbio | /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/ | em essência, essencialmente |
| tissue substantivo | /ˈtɪʃ.(j)u/ | tecido |
| interaction substantivo | /ˌɪn.təˈɹæk.ʃən/ | interação |
| volunteer substantivo | /ˌvɑlənˈtɪɹ/ | voluntário |
| vary verbo | /ˈvɛəɹi/ | variar |
| examine verbo | /ɪɡˈzæmɪn/ | examinar, analisar |
| cognitive adjetivo | /ˈkɑɡ.nɪ.tɪv/ | cognitivo |
| pour verbo | /poɹ/ | despejar, entornar |
| deficit substantivo | /ˈdɛfəsɪt/ | déficit, défice |
| fraction substantivo | /ˈfɹæk.ʃən/ | fração, fracção |
| puzzle substantivo | /ˈpʌzəl/ | enigma |
| researcher substantivo | /ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/ | pesquisador, pesquisadora |
| dementia substantivo | /dɪˈmɛnʃə/ | demência |
Phrasal verbs que você vai ouvir
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| go ahead verbo | /ˌɡoʊ əˈhɛd/ | vai em frente |
| put off verbo | adiar |
Frases que vale a pena repetir
Frases curtas e completas do vídeo que você pode usar na conversa do dia a dia:
- I'll tell you, it's so easy.
- I was going to say, is it challenges that themselves vary?
- You're always frustrated and never achieving.
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
O falante usa 10 contrações e formas reduzidas, como you're, I'm, don't. Diga-as na forma curta, do jeito que você ouve.
- Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, tissue /ˈtɪʃ.(j)u/, interaction /ˌɪn.təˈɹæk.ʃən/, fraction /ˈfɹæk.ʃən/, dementia /dɪˈmɛnʃə/
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, interaction /ˌɪn.təˈɹæk.ʃən/, achievable /əˈt͡ʃivəbəl/, degenerate /dɪˈd͡ʒɛnəɹɪt/, degeneration /dɪˌdʒɛnəˈɹeɪʃən/
Sons difíceis para falantes de português:
- Consoante final — sem acrescentar um “i” depois: lab /læːb/, deficit /ˈdɛfəsɪt/, frustrate /ˈfɹʌsˌtɹeɪt/, convent /ˈkɑn.vɛnt/, crossword /ˈkɹɒswɜː(ɹ)d/
- /l/ final — a língua toca o céu da boca, não vira “u”: puzzle /ˈpʌzəl/, achievable /əˈt͡ʃivəbəl/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Comece na velocidade 0,75×, faça shadowing frase por frase e volte à velocidade normal quando ficar fácil.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como physically, nun, essentially.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.