跟读练习: The best thing to do for your brain | David Eagleman on The TED Interview - 通过视频学习英语口语

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What advice would you give to someone who's, I don't know, in their 40s, 50s, 60s, 70s, 80s?

Like how, what should we do to be the best stewards of our brains?

I'll tell you, it's so easy.

It's to seek novelty, it's to seek challenge.

So the key is for most people as they get older, they, you know, whatever, their lives shrink,

they watch Jerry Springer, they do whatever they do.

But the key is challenging stuff.

So there's this study that's been going on for decades.

You may know about this called the Religious Orders Study, where a whole bunch of nuns in convents volunteered to give their brains upon their death.

So what happened is the researchers started examining these histological samples

and realized that some fraction of these nuns had Alzheimer's disease

and their brains were physically getting chewed up with the Alzheimer's and yet nobody knew it when they were alive.

They just weren't showing the cognitive deficits.

Okay, so they do a big understanding that, What was going on was they lived in the convents till the day they died.

They had social interaction.

They had chores and responsibilities.

They played games, they had conversations, they were doing all kinds of stuff.

And as a result, even though their brain was physically degenerating with the ravages of the disease, they were building new bridges,

new roadways all the time.

And as a result, they were able to essentially fight back against the degeneration of the tissue.

This is the important thing is to always seek challenges.

Go ahead.

I was going to say, is it challenges that themselves vary?

So if someone finds doing a crossword challenging, but they do it every day and keep doing it, is that good or is that actually,

or playing bridge every week or something like that, or is it actually much better to mix that up

and actually know I'm going to travel to a new place and whatever.

As soon as you get good at the crossword puzzles, you got to drop that and do something that's hard.

The key is to be between the levels of frustrating but achievable.

And that's where you always want to keep yourself in life.

And as long as you're there, as long as you're there, you're doing the best thing you can do for your way.

I mean, this is, I'm not- You're between frustrating and achievable.

You're always frustrated and never achieving.

That's to say.

Yeah, it's funny because there's so much that we know, you know, so much stuff pouring out in neuroscience labs, but this is still the key,

the single piece of advice really that we have for putting off dementia.

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本课的词汇与口语要点

这节口语课以视频“The best thing to do for your brain”为素材。视频中反复出现的词有：brain, key, seek, challenge, whatever。这段视频共有 35 个句子、457 个单词可供跟读。讲话部分时长为 2:27。说话人语速较快，每分钟约 186 个词，会出现较多连读和弱读。 85% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，其余的词建议在练习前先学一下。

视频中的重点词汇

视频中 15 个值得学习的单词，附发音和释义：

单词	发音	释义
nun 名词	/nʌn/	修女, 尼姑
essentially 副词	/ɪˈsɛnʃəli/	本質上 /本质上, 基本上
tissue 名词	/ˈtɪʃ.(j)u/	纸巾
interaction 名词	/ˌɪn.təˈɹæk.ʃən/	相互作用
volunteer 名词	/ˌvɑlənˈtɪɹ/	志願者 /志愿者
examine 动词	/ɪɡˈzæmɪn/	检查, 调查
cognitive 形容词	/ˈkɑɡ.nɪ.tɪv/	認知的 /认知的
pour 动词	/poɹ/	倒
deficit 名词	/ˈdɛfəsɪt/	赤字, 亏损
fraction 名词	/ˈfɹæk.ʃən/	部分
puzzle 名词	/ˈpʌzəl/	謎 /谜, 難題 /难题
researcher 名词	/ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/	研究員 /研究员, 研究者
dementia 名词	/dɪˈmɛnʃə/	癡呆 /痴呆, 失智症
chew 动词	/tʃuː/	嚼, 咀嚼
novelty 名词	/ˈnɑvəlti/	新奇

视频中出现的短语动词

单词	发音	释义
go ahead 动词	/ˌɡoʊ əˈhɛd/	請便 /请便
put off 动词		推遲 /推迟, 順延 /顺延

值得反复跟读的句子

视频中简短而完整的句子，可以直接用在日常对话里：

I'll tell you, it's so easy.
I was going to say, is it challenges that themselves vary?
You're always frustrated and never achieving.

需要注意的发音

说话人用了 10 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 you're, I'm, don't。请按听到的简短形式来说。

“sh” 和 “zh” 音: essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, tissue /ˈtɪʃ.(j)u/, interaction /ˌɪn.təˈɹæk.ʃən/, fraction /ˈfɹæk.ʃən/, dementia /dɪˈmɛnʃə/
长单词——注意重音位置: essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, interaction /ˌɪn.təˈɹæk.ʃən/, achievable /əˈt͡ʃivəbəl/, degenerate /dɪˈd͡ʒɛnəɹɪt/, degeneration /dɪˌdʒɛnəˈɹeɪʃən/

中文母语者容易读错的音：

/v/ — 不要读成 /w/，上齿轻触下唇: volunteer /ˌvɑlənˈtɪɹ/, vary /ˈvɛəɹi/, cognitive /ˈkɑɡ.nɪ.tɪv/, novelty /ˈnɑvəlti/, achievable /əˈt͡ʃivəbəl/
词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: lab /læːb/, cognitive /ˈkɑɡ.nɪ.tɪv/, deficit /ˈdɛfəsɪt/, frustrate /ˈfɹʌsˌtɹeɪt/, convent /ˈkɑn.vɛnt/
/æ/ — 嘴张大，不要读成 /e/: lab /læːb/, interaction /ˌɪn.təˈɹæk.ʃən/, examine /ɪɡˈzæmɪn/, fraction /ˈfɹæk.ʃən/, ravage /ˈɹævɪd͡ʒ/

如何用这段视频练习

先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟读，熟练之后再回到正常速度。
录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 nun, essentially, tissue 这类单词。

什么是跟读法？

跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟读法: 阅读完整分步指南 →

跟读练习: The best thing to do for your brain | David Eagleman on The TED Interview - 通过视频学习英语口语

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