Pratique du Shadowing: The best thing to do for your brain | David Eagleman on The TED Interview - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
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35 phrases
Si les phrases sont trop courtes ou trop longues, cliquez sur Edit pour les ajuster.
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What advice would you give to someone who's, I don't know, in their 40s, 50s, 60s, 70s, 80s?
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Like how, what should we do to be the best stewards of our brains?
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I'll tell you, it's so easy.
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It's to seek novelty, it's to seek challenge.
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So the key is for most people as they get older, they, you know, whatever, their lives shrink,
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they watch Jerry Springer, they do whatever they do.
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But the key is challenging stuff.
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So there's this study that's been going on for decades.
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You may know about this called the Religious Orders Study, where a whole bunch of nuns in convents volunteered to give their brains upon their death.
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So what happened is the researchers started examining these histological samples
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and realized that some fraction of these nuns had Alzheimer's disease
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and their brains were physically getting chewed up with the Alzheimer's and yet nobody knew it when they were alive.
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They just weren't showing the cognitive deficits.
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Okay, so they do a big understanding that, What was going on was they lived in the convents till the day they died.
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They had social interaction.
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They had chores and responsibilities.
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They played games, they had conversations, they were doing all kinds of stuff.
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And as a result, even though their brain was physically degenerating with the ravages of the disease, they were building new bridges,
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new roadways all the time.
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And as a result, they were able to essentially fight back against the degeneration of the tissue.
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This is the important thing is to always seek challenges.
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Go ahead.
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I was going to say, is it challenges that themselves vary?
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So if someone finds doing a crossword challenging, but they do it every day and keep doing it, is that good or is that actually,
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or playing bridge every week or something like that, or is it actually much better to mix that up
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and actually know I'm going to travel to a new place and whatever.
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As soon as you get good at the crossword puzzles, you got to drop that and do something that's hard.
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The key is to be between the levels of frustrating but achievable.
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And that's where you always want to keep yourself in life.
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And as long as you're there, as long as you're there, you're doing the best thing you can do for your way.
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I mean, this is, I'm not- You're between frustrating and achievable.
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You're always frustrated and never achieving.
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That's to say.
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Yeah, it's funny because there's so much that we know, you know, so much stuff pouring out in neuroscience labs, but this is still the key,
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the single piece of advice really that we have for putting off dementia.
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale s’appuie sur la vidéo « The best thing to do for your brain ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : brain, key, seek, challenge, whatever. Cette vidéo contient 35 phrases et 457 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 2:27. Le locuteur parle vite, environ 186 mots par minute : attendez-vous à des liaisons et à des sons réduits. 85 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais ; le reste mérite d’être vu avant de commencer.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
15 mots de la vidéo à retenir, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| physically adverbe | /ˈfɪz.ɪ.kli/ | physiquement |
| nun nom | /nʌn/ | nonne, religieuse |
| essentially adverbe | /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/ | essentiellement, en essence |
| tissue nom | /ˈtɪʃ.(j)u/ | tissu |
| interaction nom | /ˌɪn.təˈɹæk.ʃən/ | interaction |
| volunteer nom | /ˌvɑlənˈtɪɹ/ | volontaire, bénévole |
| vary verbe | /ˈvɛəɹi/ | varier |
| examine verbe | /ɪɡˈzæmɪn/ | examiner |
| cognitive adjectif | /ˈkɑɡ.nɪ.tɪv/ | cognitif |
| pour verbe | /poɹ/ | verser |
| deficit nom | /ˈdɛfəsɪt/ | déficit budgétaire |
| fraction nom | /ˈfɹæk.ʃən/ | fraction |
| puzzle nom | /ˈpʌzəl/ | énigme, mystère |
| researcher nom | /ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/ | chercheur, chercheuse |
| dementia nom | /dɪˈmɛnʃə/ | démence |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| go ahead verbe | /ˌɡoʊ əˈhɛd/ | vas-y, allez-y |
| put off verbe | ajourner |
Des phrases à répéter
Des phrases courtes et complètes de la vidéo, à réutiliser dans la conversation de tous les jours :
- I'll tell you, it's so easy.
- I was going to say, is it challenges that themselves vary?
- You're always frustrated and never achieving.
Prononciation à surveiller
Le locuteur utilise 10 contractions et formes réduites, comme you're, I'm, don't. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, tissue /ˈtɪʃ.(j)u/, interaction /ˌɪn.təˈɹæk.ʃən/, fraction /ˈfɹæk.ʃən/, dementia /dɪˈmɛnʃə/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, interaction /ˌɪn.təˈɹæk.ʃən/, achievable /əˈt͡ʃivəbəl/, degenerate /dɪˈd͡ʒɛnəɹɪt/, degeneration /dɪˌdʒɛnəˈɹeɪʃən/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: researcher /ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/, chew /tʃuː/, achievable /əˈt͡ʃivəbəl/, chore /t͡ʃoɹ/, degenerate /dɪˈd͡ʒɛnəɹɪt/
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: interaction /ˌɪn.təˈɹæk.ʃən/, volunteer /ˌvɑlənˈtɪɹ/, vary /ˈvɛəɹi/, pour /poɹ/, fraction /ˈfɹæk.ʃən/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Commencez à la vitesse 0,75×, répétez phrase par phrase, puis revenez à la vitesse normale quand cela devient facile.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme physically, nun, essentially.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.