Prática de Shadowing: What's the tallest skyscraper anyone can build? - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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Hi, it's Doug.
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Have you ever played the game Jenga?
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Some people are able to build some pretty tall towers.
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Like, check out this, the world record.
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This person piled 485 blocks on one single Jenga block.
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That's some amazing balancing skills.
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Someone named Ashley has a question about building things.
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Let's give Ashley a call now.
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Hi, Doug.
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Hi, Ashley.
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I have a question for you.
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What's the tallest skyscraper anyone can build?
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Oh, that's a great question.
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Humans have been trying to build super tall things for a long time.
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Before skyscrapers were invented, pyramids were the tallest objects built on Earth.
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Take a look at this one.
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It's called the Great Pyramid of Giza.
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Builders stacked over 2 million heavy stone blocks to make it that high.
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The pyramid was the tallest human -made thing on Earth for almost 4 ,000 years until this came along.
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This is the Lincoln Cathedral, and it was once over 500 feet tall.
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But then something happened.
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If you've ever built a tower with blocks, you've probably noticed that the taller you build, the harder it gets.
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And that's what happened to the Lincoln Cathedral.
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The tallest part toppled over during a storm.
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It was just too tall.
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When it was built, people just couldn't build things that were very tall yet.
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Before I go on, I'm curious.
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Why couldn't those earlier pyramids and cathedrals be built as high as skyscrapers are today?
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What do you think?
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Now would be a good time to pause the video and discuss.
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Okay, you ready?
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Well, I'm not sure how you answered, but you might think that the earlier buildings weren't made of very strong materials.
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But that's not really what's most important.
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Bricks and stone blocks are incredibly strong.
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It turns out it's the piling up of bricks or stone blocks that creates the problem.
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You see, buildings back then were made by piling bricks or stones on top of each other.
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The taller the building, the more bricks they would use.
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And the more bricks they would use, the heavier the building would get.
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If it got too heavy, it could collapse from its own weight, or it could topple over.
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So the piling up of bricks or stone blocks is what kept people from making really tall buildings.
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Since then, we've figured out how to build even taller buildings, buildings that are way taller than the first pyramids and cathedrals,
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buildings that seem to scrape the sky.
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These buildings, called skyscrapers, are now the tallest human -made objects on Earth, and they don't fall down.
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How is that even possible?
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Well, building a skyscraper involves a totally different way of creating a building.
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Rather than stacking up building blocks, the way they did with pyramids, or the way you do in Jenga,
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it involves giving the building a skeleton or structure on the inside.
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This new way of building led to the first ever skyscraper, the Home Insurance Building in Chicago.
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Instead of building with piled up bricks, it was built with a steel skeleton.
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And since the skeleton was holding the building up, the rest of the building, like walls and windows, could be hung on the steel beams,
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like pictures hang on walls.
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And since those walls didn't need to be made out of piled up bricks anymore, they could be really light.
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At least much less heavy than building materials of the past.
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This changed everything.
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By building with steel skeletons instead of heavy bricks, builders could build taller than ever.
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Now, even with a skeleton, there was another thing that could knock it over.
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Wind.
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A skyscraper is like a giant sail.
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The taller it is, the more wind pushes into it, and those winds can actually knock a skyscraper down.
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So skyscraper builders are constantly trying to find ways to get around this problem, like the builders of this skyscraper did.
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This is one of the tallest skyscrapers in the world.
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You see the shape of the sides?
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Why do you think they built it this way?
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It's all because of the wind.
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The spiral shape helps the wind twist around it instead of crashing into it.
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And take a look at this one.
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You notice the top?
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Some Some skyscrapers are even built with holes in them so that the wind blows straight through.
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Now by inventing new ways to trick the wind,
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we've been able to build from 88 floors to 101 floors to the tallest skyscraper in the world, currently the Burj Khalifa.
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It's 163 floors tall.
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And that brings us back to our question.
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How tall can a skyscraper be?
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Well, no one really knows for sure how tall, but we are sure of this.
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We can build a lot higher than the skyscrapers we have today.
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In fact, builders in Japan are planning to build a skyscraper that's one mile tall.
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It's called the Sky Mile Tower, and when it's finished, it will be more than 10 times the height of the Great Pyramid of Giza.
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That's twice as tall as the tallest skyscraper we have now.
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That's all for this week's question.
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Thanks Ashley for asking it.
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Now with Valentine's Day coming up, I picked out three questions from the question jar that all have something to do with the heart.
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When this video is done playing, you'll get to vote on one.
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You can choose from, does your heart grow?
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Which animal has the biggest heart?
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Or what's inside your heart?
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So submit your vote when the video's over.
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I want to hear from all of you watching.
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There are mysteries all around us.
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Stay curious and see you next week.
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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Esta aula de conversação usa o vídeo “What's the tallest skyscraper anyone can build?”. As palavras que mais se repetem: skyscraper, tall, build, bricks, tallest. Este vídeo tem 72 frases e 945 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 6:02. O falante fala em ritmo natural, cerca de 157 palavras por minuto, próximo de uma conversa do dia a dia. 83% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês; vale a pena estudar o restante antes de começar.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
15 palavras do vídeo que vale a pena aprender, com pronúncia e significado:
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| brick substantivo | /ˈbɹɪk/ | tijolo |
| pyramid substantivo | /ˈpɪɹ.ə.mɪd/ | pirâmide |
| pile substantivo | /paɪl/ | pilha, monte (desordenado) |
| builder substantivo | /ˈbɪl.dəɹ/ | construtor, construtora |
| skeleton substantivo | /ˈskɛlətən/ | esqueleto |
| curious adjetivo | /ˈkjʊɹ.i.əs/ | curioso |
| knock verbo | /nɑk/ | bater |
| involve verbo | /ɪnˈvɑlv/ | envolver |
| stack substantivo | /stæk/ | pilha |
| cathedral substantivo | /kəˈθiːdɹəl/ | catedral |
| invent verbo | /ɪnˈvɛnt/ | inventar |
| trick substantivo | /ˈtɹɪk/ | artimanha, truque |
| mystery substantivo | /ˈmɪs.t(ə.)ɹi/ | mistério |
| skill substantivo | /skɪl/ | habilidade, talento |
| incredibly advérbio | /ɪŋˈkɹɛdɪbli/ | incrivelmente |
Phrasal verbs que você vai ouvir
| Palavra | Significado |
|---|---|
| pile up verbo | amontoar, empilhar |
| check out verbo | verificar, sacar só |
| figure out verbo | descobrir, deduzir |
| turn out verbo | terminar |
Frases que vale a pena repetir
Frases curtas e completas do vídeo que você pode usar na conversa do dia a dia:
- What's the tallest skyscraper anyone can build?
- What do you think?
- You see the shape of the sides?
- Why do you think they built it this way?
- You notice the top?
Gramática neste vídeo
As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:
| Estrutura | No vídeo |
|---|---|
| Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem faz | were invented · was built · be built |
| Present perfect have/has + particípio passado — uma ação passada que ainda importa agora | Have you ever played · you've ever built · we've figured |
| Superlativos the -est / the most … — o maior ou o menor de um grupo | the tallest · the biggest |
| Comparativos -er than / more … than — comparar duas coisas | taller than · less heavy than · higher than |
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
O falante usa 13 contrações e formas reduzidas, como couldn't, I'm, we've. Diga-as na forma curta, do jeito que você ouve.
Sons difíceis para falantes de português:
- Consoante final — sem acrescentar um “i” depois: brick /ˈbɹɪk/, pyramid /ˈpɪɹ.ə.mɪd/, knock /nɑk/, stack /stæk/, invent /ɪnˈvɛnt/
- /l/ final — a língua toca o céu da boca, não vira “u”: pile /paɪl/, cathedral /kəˈθiːdɹəl/, skill /skɪl/, sail /seɪl/, spiral /ˈspaɪɹəl/
- s + consoante no início — sem um “i” antes: skeleton /ˈskɛlətən/, stack /stæk/, skill /skɪl/, spiral /ˈspaɪɹəl/, skyscraper /ˈskaɪˌskɹeɪpɚ/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Comece na velocidade 0,75×, faça shadowing frase por frase e volte à velocidade normal quando ficar fácil.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como brick, pyramid, pile.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.