Prática de Shadowing: Why relationships in 2026 carry impossible expectations | Alain de Botton - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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It used to be the case that when people found partners, they would do so according to fairly pragmatic considerations.
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Couples were formed not by the individuals themselves, but by the wider society.
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There were, if you like, dynastic marriages.
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There was then a momentous change that occurs towards the end of the 18th century, that we now know as Romanticism.
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And one of the central tenets of Romanticism is that each individual should be left to decide on their partner
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by their own, the movements of their own heart.
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It's a beautiful idea, it's a very liberating idea.
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And let's put it plainly, It's been a disaster.
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We are not any appreciably happier now in a romantic culture than we were in a dynastic culture. And why?
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Because we live in a romantic culture that sees something adverse in planning
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and thinking and reflecting too hard on the business of love and it's been a serious problem for humanity.
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My name is Alain de Botton.
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I'm a philosopher, psychotherapist and founder of the School of Life.
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the unique challenge of modern gating.
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We know in theory that love matters a lot.
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It's in every pop song, it's the center of most religions.
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We sometimes lose sight of what that word actually means.
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It's really about connection.
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And it is one of the most beautiful and one of the most complicated, of all phenomena Even though we think we've been around on this planet for a long time,
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trying to figure things out, I'd say we were still at the dawn collectively.
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of making sense of this phenomenon we call love, And it's no surprise that most people will go to their deathbeds thinking,
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Not quite sure I've figured that side of life out.
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At least many of us will.
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still be grappling with some of the complexities of love by the time time runs out on us.
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The most central kind of love that people are obsessed about, concerned about, is romantic love.
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That is the intimate connection between two human beings who have a sexual Contact.
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It's worth saying that there are other forms of love, We can love our children, we can love animals, we can love ideas,
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we can love tables, chairs, clouds, all sorts of things.
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We are capable of many forms of love.
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But I'd say that when people sing about love, and when they cry about love,
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it tends to be the love of one very special person we tend to call our soulmate, our partner.
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It used to be the case that when people found partners, they would do so according to fairly pragmatic considerations.
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in most nations, in most parts of the world, for most of history, Couples were formed not by the individuals themselves, but by the wider society,
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families, the village, the court.
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There were, if you like, dynastic marriages.
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You would get together with somebody because they had a plow
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and you had an ox and it seemed like a good match.
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Or you were the Duke of Brabant and they were the Princess of Naples.
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And that was seen as a wonderful union.
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So you got together for reasons that were nothing to do with emotional compatibility.
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There were a lot of tears, there was sadness, there was loneliness, it didn't seem to matter.
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because relationships were seen to be about something else.
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There was then a momentous change that occurs in, towards the end of the 18th century,
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starting in Britain, France, Germany, parts of Italy, a revolution in feeling, that we now know as Romanticism.
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And one of the central tenets of Romanticism is that each individual should be left to decide
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on their partner by the movements of their own heart.
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they should be left to decide for themselves.
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It's a beautiful idea, It's a very...
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a liberating idea, it should make a lot of sense.
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And we have been in the Romantic age now for you know, 200 years, perhaps shorter, perhaps a little longer, that kind of time period.
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And let's put it plainly: It's been a disaster.
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We are not any appreciably happier now in a romantic culture than we were in a dynastic culture,
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where marriages were made for dynastic reasons.
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Why?
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Because we have failed collectively to focus with enough intent on the difficulties that couples will have when they choose each other,
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according to the movements of their own heart.
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Look, I think a really key...
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prejudice of the romantic worldview is that if love is working well, It should be following instinct.
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There's been an enormous veneration Mr. Worship of instinct.
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Love is described as a special feeling, not in a set of ideas, not a sense of rationally observable principles, but a feeling.
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You either have the feeling or you don't.
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You must be guided, by your feeling.
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There's even a prejudice against language.
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You know, true lovers shouldn't talk too much.
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They should just feel the fluttering of their own hearts.
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That's why music has a huge prestige.
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higher than philosophy.
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When we're in love, we don't want to read philosophical tracks, we want to hear love songs.
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That is to do with our sense that emotion should be guiding us, not reason.
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Reason is the enemy in the romantic worldview.
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of truly happy relationships.
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If you follow reason, that's cold, it may be calculating, it's unromantic.
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And, you know, there are so many things that are considered unromantic.
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and I would love to train our audience.
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That every time something seems unromantic, Question it.
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Is it truly unromantic?
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If we define Romanticism, as the pursuit of a workable relationship.
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On that basis, is it unromantic to talk about money?
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Is it unromantic?
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to think long and hard about childhood patterns of psychological development.
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Is it anti -romantic? to spend a lot of time thinking about families and friends and compatibility at that level.
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All these things, in my view, belong to a truly adequate way of surveying whether a couple should be together.
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But I'm also aware that nowadays these things are considered very unromantic.
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To live in a romantic culture, means to live in a culture that has a set of ideas about how good couples should form.
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They should be formed by instinct, that everybody has a soulmate, that you'll recognize your soulmate by a special, flattery feeling, that you shouldn't be asked to account for that feeling,
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you should simply go for it and marry in Vegas in two weeks
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if that's what seizes you and that you should be able to
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Communicate deeply with your partner without using language through that special medium of the heart, through the silence, Also that you shouldn't criticize your partner,
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that true partners should love each other for who they really are, which means no desire to grow or change.
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You just accept someone.
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Couples in romantic culture will sometimes complain, "You're trying to change me." And this is seen as really offensive.
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It's like, what?
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You know, you complain to your friends.
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My partner's trying to change me.
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Oh, what an awful person.
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This must be awful.
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You must get out immediately.
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If you went to an ancient Greek, if you went to Athens in 400 BC, And you said to an ancient Greek, what is love?
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and where is the role of criticism, they would say, Love is a process of education.
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It's the education of emotion.
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And lovers should of course be able to pick each other up for things that they don't spot in one another.
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And they should be trying to develop into the best version of themselves, rather than simply staying stuck in an admiration for who they are today.
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The whole process should be dynamic.
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become who you could be, not worship who you happen to be right now.
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All of this sounds very strange in Romantic culture, which is why relationships are so difficult in our time.
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Let's remember that a person's life satisfaction is determined by up to around 70 % by the quality of their personal relationships.
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A Martian hearing that statistic visiting planet Earth would think, "Well, clearly earthlings, given the enormous role of love, will be spending 70 % of their money
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and 70 % of their educational time working out how on earth this business of love works." Is that true?
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No. We spend hardly any time rationally thinking about it.
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None of us are made to sit through classes in attachment theory, classes in apology, classes in listening, classes in communication.
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No, we're, you know, Physics is important.
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Geography is important.
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Don't get me wrong.
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But is there no time for this given its role in our lives?
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Do we really want to leave this to chance?
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And the answer is yes. And why?
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because we live in a romantic culture that sees something adverse in planning
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and thinking and reflecting too hard on the business of love.
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It's very deleterious, and it's been a serious problem for humanity.
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One of the most powerful disseminators of romantic culture is art.
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And by art, I mean all the leading artistic media.
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Film, definitely.
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You know, if you were learning about love from films you would be very confused.
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And that's why many of us are confused, because films, and I include that television shows and other narrative forms, these things are hugely misleading.
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They simply Do not show what a real relationship is like.
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I mean, probably you can count on one hand, that the number of films that have accurately shown love.
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I think one of the most accurate representations of love is Richard Linklater's Before Trilogy.
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which ended up with Before Midnight.
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It's a wonderful reckoning, really, with the real complexities of love.
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But, you know, most films are not that.
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Most films are blithe, are superficial, are...
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not modest enough in showing us what's really going on between couples.
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It's also stimulated through music, and music constantly It gives us little miniature stories about how love works.
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And the music is terrific but it's not accurate to what's going on.
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presses the wrong buttons.
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Poetry, no one really reads poetry nowadays.
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If they did, the problem exists in poetry too.
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So We have so much media around.
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and yet we're still so much strangers to ourselves, I would say that the single greatest, most misleading disseminator of ideas on love is
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culture and art.
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The problem is very heavily located there.
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Por que praticar a fala com este vídeo?
Assistir ao vídeo de Alain de Botton sobre relações e as expectativas românticas modernas oferece uma excelente oportunidade para aprender inglês com youtube. A riqueza de vocabulário e as expressões usadas pelo palestrante, combinadas com o contexto emocional, são ideais para a prática de shadowing em inglês. Este tipo de prática permite que você imite a fala de Alain, melhorando sua fluência e capacidade de se expressar em inglês.
Ao reproduzir as falas do vídeo, você também se familiariza com o tom e o ritmo da fala nativa, o que é fundamental para desenvolver uma comunicação mais natural e autêntica. Além disso, a discussão profunda sobre amor e relacionamentos proporciona um contexto significativo que torna o aprendizado mais interessante e engajante.
Gramática & Expressões em Contexto
- “It is a beautiful idea, it’s a very liberating idea”: Aqui, observa-se a repetição para ênfase, uma técnica que pode ser usada para fortalecer argumentos em inglês. Essa estrutura é útil quando você deseja enfatizar um ponto de vista.
- “We have failed to collectively focus”: O uso do presente perfeito (“have failed”) mostra a relevância do passado no presente, importante ao contar histórias ou descrever situações.
- “There is something adverse in planning”: A frase exemplifica a estrutura impessoal comum em discussões e ensaios em inglês, permitindo que você expresse opiniões sem implicar em responsabilidade pessoal direta.
Essas estruturas ajudam a construir um diálogo mais rico e reflexivo, essencial ao discutir temas complexos, como amor e relacionamentos.
Armadilhas Comuns de Pronúncia
Enquanto assiste ao vídeo, preste atenção às palavras que podem ser desafiadoras. Termos como “relationship” e “expectations” podem apresentar dificuldades de pronúncia, especialmente para falantes de português. Ouvir Alain de Botton pronunciar essas palavras pode auxiliar na identificação de modos corretos de produzi-las. Além disso, a entonação e a ênfase que ele utiliza nas frases apoiam o melhorar a pronúncia em inglês, principalmente em passagens emocionais.
Por fim, ao realizar shadow speech, concentre-se em capturar o fluxo e a cadência da fala dele. Isso não só facilitará sua própria pronúncia, mas também tornará sua fala mais envolvente e clara em conversas diárias.
Gramática neste vídeo
As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:
| Estrutura | No vídeo |
|---|---|
| “Used to” used to + verbo — um hábito ou estado do passado que não é mais verdade | used to be |
| Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem faz | were formed · should be left · was seen |
| Present perfect have/has + particípio passado — uma ação passada que ainda importa agora | It's been · we've been · I've figured |
| Orações relativas who / which + oração — informação extra sobre uma pessoa ou coisa | are, which means · culture, which is |
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.