Практика Shadowing: HR Basics: Human Resource Management - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео
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HR Basics is a series of short courses designed to highlight
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what you need to know about a particular human resource management topic.
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In today's HR Basics, we define human resource management with a simple model.
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Before we explore the model, let's define human resource management.
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Human resource management comprise the formal systems designed to manage people in organizations.
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To best understand human resource management, we'll take a look at a brief history, understand the roles of human resource management in organizations,
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and review a model to best organize the functional areas of HR management.
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What is now called human resource management has evolved a great deal since its beginnings around the year 1900.
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Here's a brief history of human resource management.
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It's believed that the first personnel management department began at the National Cash Register Company in the early 1900s.
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Personnel departments, which is merged as clearly defined in the 1920s, at least in the United States, were largely concerned with technical functions.
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What began as a primarily clerical operation in large companies concerned with payroll
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and employee records began to face changes with social legislation of the 1960s.
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HRM developed in response to increase in competition experienced by the late 1970s as a result of deregulation and rapid technological change.
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In the 1990s, globalization and competition required human resource departments to become more concerned with costs,
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planning, and the implications of various HR strategies for both organizations and their employees.
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The role of human resource management professionals has dramatically evolved over the years.
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This course provides an overview of the past and future roles of human resource management professionals in organizations.
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If an organization has a formal HR group, perhaps an HR department, there are typically three different roles that group might play in an organization.
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Which of the roles predominates
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or whether all three roles are performed depends highly on what management wants HR to do
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and what competencies HR staff have demonstrated.
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The potential mix of roles is shown here.
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The primary role is strategic, which helps define business strategy relative to human capital and its contribution to organizational results.
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The strategic role helps link human resource strategy with organizational mission and of the work of people in the organization.
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The operational and employee advocate role manages most HR activities in keeping with organizational strategy
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and serving as an employee champion to balance the issues of employees and employer.
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And finally, the administrative role, which focuses on clerical administration and record -keeping, including essential legal paperwork, compliance, and policy implementation.
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Human resource management has played an important role in the life of organizations throughout modern history.
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In the past role of human resource management, the personnel function was highly administrative and clerical in nature,
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as you see in this right -hand side of the model labeled the past role.
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The past role focused on transactional activities related to processing of people -related activities, such as payroll.
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A heavy emphasis on compliance led to the personnel function, policing policy, and procedure, which left little time for the important strategic role.
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The present role, as seen on the left here,
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of human resource management has evolved to focus on the strategic contributions of human resource management to organizations.
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As organizations strive to realize their greater results,
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the critical role of people is recognized by the strategic role of human resource professionals to provide technical expertise,
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champion employees, and lead strategically in their organizations.
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Human resource management is a value -added function of the organization, influencing key organizational outcomes.
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Now, let's explore a simple human resource management model.
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The pinwheel model suggests that the management of human resources in an organization centers on eight key functional areas.
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These functions are a collection of specialized human resource management work.
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For each functional area, human resource professionals are responsible for key activities.
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You can see them in the boxes around the model.
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Let's define each functional area and discuss those associated activities.
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Human resource strategy and planning identifies and manages current and future needs to achieve organizational goals.
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The activities of strategy and planning include analysis, planning, effectiveness, metrics, and technology.
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Compliance is doing what is asked or required by federal, state, and local governments in the management of people.
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The activities of compliance include equal employment opportunity, compliance with federal, state, and local employment laws and regulations.
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Talent management are the integrated processes to attract, motivate, and retain productive and engaged employees.
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These activities of talent management include recruitment, talent acquisition, selection, interviewing, and onboarding.
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Training and development is about the betterment of people and performance through information they will use.
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The activities of training and development include training, development, career planning, and so on.
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Performance management are the processes to ensure the organization connects mission with the work of employees.
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The activities of performance management include performance appraisal, improvement, and intervention.
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Total rewards are the financial and non -financial tools used to attract, motivate, and retain employees.
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The activities of total rewards include compensation, benefits, recognition, and work -life effectiveness.
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Employee safety and health is about ensuring the safety, health, and welfare of people at work.
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The activities of safety and health include employee safety, security, and workers' compensation.
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Employee and labor relations focuses on the relationship of employees with the organization and with each other.
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The activities of employee and labor relations include policy management, documentation, workplace investigations, labor relations, and employee rights.
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This human resource management model, along with our brief history,
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should give you the context to best understand and apply the important role of human resource management in today's organizations.
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Лексика и советы по произношению к этому уроку
Этот урок разговорной практики построен на видео «HR Basics: Human Resource Management». Чаще всего повторяются слова: management, resource, role, organization, employee. В этом видео 63 предложений и 934 слов для шедоуинга. Речь длится 6:28. Говорящий держит ровный темп — около 144 слов в минуту, удобный для шедоуинга. Только 80% слов входят в 3000 самых частых слов английского языка, поэтому лексика сложная.
Ключевая лексика этого видео
15 слов из видео, которые стоит выучить, с произношением и значением:
| Слово | Произношение | Значение |
|---|---|---|
| resource существительное | /ɹɪˈzɔːs/ | ресу́рс, запа́с |
| strategic прилагательное | /stɹəˈti.dʒɪk/ | стратеги́ческий |
| define глагол | /dɪˈfaɪn/ | определя́ть, определи́ть |
| compliance существительное | /kəmˈplaɪ.əns/ | согла́сие, соотве́тствие |
| organizational прилагательное | /ˌɔː(ɹ)ɡənɪˈzeɪʃənəl/ | организационный |
| functional прилагательное | /ˈfʌŋkt͡ʃənəl/ | функциони́рующий, де́йствующий |
| relation существительное | /ɹɪˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ | отноше́ние, зави́симость |
| evolve глагол | /ɪˈvɑlv/ | развива́ться, разви́ться |
| administrative прилагательное | /ədˈmɪn.ɪ.stɹə.tɪv/ | администрати́вный |
| formal прилагательное | /ˈfɔɹməl/ | форма́льный |
| contribution существительное | /ˌkɑntɹɪˈbjuʃən/ | вклад, уча́стие |
| compensation существительное | /ˌkɑm.pənˈseɪ.ʃən/ | компенса́ция, возмеще́ние |
| reward существительное | /ɹɪˈwɔɹd/ | награ́да, вознагражде́ние |
| explore глагол | /ɪkˈsploɹ/ | иссле́довать |
| attract глагол | /əˈtɹækt/ | притя́гивать, притяну́ть |
Грамматика в этом видео
Конструкции, которые говорящий использует чаще всего, с точными словами из видео:
| Конструкция | В видео |
|---|---|
| Пассивный залог be + причастие прошедшего времени — важно, что происходит, а не кто это делает | is now called · is merged · are performed |
| Present Perfect have/has + причастие прошедшего времени — прошлое действие, важное сейчас | has evolved · has dramatically evolved · have demonstrated |
Произношение, на которое стоит обратить внимание
- Звуки «sh» и «zh»: organizational /ˌɔː(ɹ)ɡənɪˈzeɪʃənəl/, relation /ɹɪˈleɪʃ(ə)n/, contribution /ˌkɑntɹɪˈbjuʃən/, compensation /ˌkɑm.pənˈseɪ.ʃən/, recognition /ˌɹɛkəɡˈnɪʃ(ə)n/
- Длинные слова — следите за ударением: organizational /ˌɔː(ɹ)ɡənɪˈzeɪʃənəl/, administrative /ədˈmɪn.ɪ.stɹə.tɪv/, contribution /ˌkɑntɹɪˈbjuʃən/, compensation /ˌkɑm.pənˈseɪ.ʃən/, effectiveness /ɪˈfɛk.tɪv.nɪs/
Звуки, трудные для русскоязычных:
- /w/ — губы округлены, это не /v/: reward /ɹɪˈwɔɹd/, welfare /ˈwɛlˌfɛɚ/, worker /ˈwɝ.kɚ/, acquisition /ˌæk.wɪˈzɪʃ.ən/, workplace /ˈwɝkˌpleɪs/
- Звонкие согласные в конце слова — не оглушайте их: evolve /ɪˈvɑlv/, administrative /ədˈmɪn.ɪ.stɹə.tɪv/, reward /ɹɪˈwɔɹd/, relative /ˈɹɛl.ə.tɪv/, rapid /ˈɹæp.ɪd/
Как заниматься с этим видео
- Прослушайте всё видео один раз молча и выпишите незнакомые слова.
- Повторяйте предложение за предложением на обычной скорости, пока ваш ритм не совпадёт с ритмом говорящего.
- Запишите себя и сравните с оригиналом, обращая внимание на такие слова, как resource, strategic, define.
Что такое техника Shadowing?
Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.