ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: A Journey Through Your Nervous System

Your nerves are literally everywhere around here.

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146 ประโยค

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Your nerves are literally everywhere around here.

We'll start from the most important ones,

which are going through your spine and your brain.

This thick cluster of nerves is called the central nervous system, or CNS.

It's responsible for everything you do,

from breathing to tapping your finger on the side of your smartphone while waiting until I get to the topic already.

When a signal gets to the CNS in the brain from any part of the body,

it sends back a command to react according to the situation.

Pinch yourself now.

Yeah, please do it.

Ow!

The place you've just pinched has a lot of neurons,

just like anywhere else.

When you pressed the skin,

they flared up and sent the information about pain to the brain,

which reacted by sending back a message that it hurt.

It all happened in less than a millisecond,

but the signal traveled several feet there and back.

Let's go to the spinal cord now and carry out a little experiment.

On the count of one,

I'll sever the connections between the neurons here and you'll see what happens.

Ready?

One.

See?

You've just become limp from your waist down and can't feel anything in your legs.

It's because your CNS can't figure out where they are.

Okay, restoring the connections now, don't worry!

This is why both your brain and spinal cord are naturally protected by bones,

the skull and the vertebrae.

Inside the spinal column, there's also cerebrospinal fluid,

a liquid substance that protects the nerves,

helps better conduct signals, and gets rid of weights.

Ok, now let's take a closer look at all the rest of the nerves,

starting with the ones at the tips of your fingers.

Something that's not the CNS is called peripheral nervous system, or PNS.

Will you kindly wave your hand now?

Thanks!

You've been able to do that because your brain consciously sent several million signals to the peripheral nerves in your shoulder,

forearm, wrist, and hand.

Together, they made a common effort to lift your arm,

fix it in a certain position,

and wave the hand from side to side.

And responsible for this effort is your voluntary or somatic nervous system.

Your eyebrows going up at this fact are also controlled by the same nerves.

Did you count how many breaths you took while listening to my ramblings?

a beat your heart had made.

You shouldn't have.

These things are regulated by your vegetative or involuntary nervous system.

Your CNS sends signals to the periphery and tells your heart to beat,

your respiratory system to let the air in and out,

and even your bowels to digest the food you eat.

Now, blow all the air out of your lungs and hold your breath for as long as you can.

Okay, this will take some time,

so fast-forward to the point where you start wanting to breathe in.

Letting the air out and holding your breath are your conscious actions,

so it's you who tells your brain to send signals to the breathing organs.

But when you start lacking oxygen,

it's already your brain that tells you to stop fooling around.

Oh, I see you're becoming blue in the face.

Please inhale already.

And now I'll do something you'll have to forgive me for.

Ow!

Sorry, you dropped the phone because I sent a little shock through it.

The point is, you subconsciously let your phone go as soon as you felt the pain.

When I asked you to pinch yourself,

you activated your voluntary nervous system,

so you expected the pain and could continue pinching if you wanted to.

This shock came unexpectedly, though,

so your involuntary nervous system jolted in and made you move away from the threat ASAP.

That said, your self-preservation instinct is something that's regulated by your nerves as well.

Your body will try to save itself from harm even without your consent.

Hey, what's that itch?

You need to scratch it now.

Thanks.

Itching appears when there's something on or under your skin that doesn't belong there,

like an insect or a bite it left.

Nerves at the site flare up like beacons,

and your brain sends signals to that spot.

But when you scratch the itch,

you feel two opposite things at once.

Consciously, you experience relief because it's not itching anymore.

On the subconscious level, though,

your brain perceives scratching as pain and shifts your attention from the itch to the scratch instead.

Basically, by scratching, you trick your brain into believing there are more important things to do than paying attention to the itch.

Hey, is it me or is it a bit too hot here?

Yeah, I see droplets of sweat on your forehead.

When the outside temperature rises,

your CNN reacts to the change.

Billions of signals flash through your entire body.

Sweat glands receive them in the blink of an eye and start working furiously.

Sweat appears on your skin, cooling it down.

I recommend going to the AC and turning it higher a bit, thank you.

Hey, I said a bit,

not all the way up.

Ah, great, now you're shivering.

Your brain is confused but is still working fast,

reacting to the change of circumstances.

Once again, it sends billions of signals to all the neurons in your muscles,

telling them to start contracting as quickly as they can.

100

By doing so, they create friction, and friction generates heat.

101

Your heart starts beating faster too,

102

by the way, pumping blood to your limbs to keep them from freezing.

103

All this also makes you think sliding that counter up a notch is a good idea.

104

On the topic of thinking,

105

neurons are responsible for that too.

106

For example, this is your first time watching this video video.

107

You can't possibly know what I'm going to do or say next.

108

Maybe I'll do a barrel roll.

109

Or just end the whole video abruptly.

110

Your brain is only now creating the neural connections necessary for you to remember what's coming up next.

111

This is why you're still bearing with me.

112

You want to know.

113

But as soon as you've watched it until the end,

114

the interest is gone, no matter how fascinating I am.

115

Your CNS has created enough connections between the neurons,

116

and if you start over,

117

they will tell you what to expect.

118

Still, the pathways are very basic.

119

A simple example.

120

What did I say exactly 3 minutes and 5 seconds into the video?

121

You can't remember, because your neural connections aren't strong enough yet to give such details.

122

But the more times you watch,

123

the stronger and more numerous they become,

124

and after a number of attempts,

125

you'll be able to repeat the whole text word for word.

126

The same happens when you learn some new skill, like roller skating.

127

At first, you can't move even a single foot.

128

Your brain encounters an unusual task and is all ablaze with signals it's sending every which way.

129

You fall, but then you stand up and try once more.

130

This time, several million neurons are already connected,

131

and your CNS doesn't waste time creating new links.

132

You fall again, and again, and again.

133

But every time you rise and repeat,

134

your brain gets more and more adapted,

135

until finally, on your 5th,

136

10th, or 50th attempt, you skate forward.

137

The brain captures the moment you stop falling and creates strong neural connections to prevent you from repeating your previous mistakes.

138

And soon enough, with more practice and links in your CNS,

139

you'll be skating like a pro,

140

wondering how you could be so clumsy before.

141

Yet, the best thing about these connections is that they never completely go away.

142

Even if you learned skating as a kid and then didn't put on the skates for 10 years,

143

it'll take you just a couple of minutes to recall how it's done.

144

So hey, if you're afraid to take that dusty guitar hanging on the wall for years, don't be.

145

Go strum the strings, it'll all come back to you in a jiffy.

146

Maybe not the calluses.

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