Практика Shadowing: A Journey Through Your Nervous System - Изучайте разговорный английский с YouTube
B2
Your nerves are literally everywhere around here.
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Your nerves are literally everywhere around here.
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We'll start from the most important ones,
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which are going through your spine and your brain.
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This thick cluster of nerves is called the central nervous system, or CNS.
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It's responsible for everything you do,
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from breathing to tapping your finger on the side of your smartphone while waiting until I get to the topic already.
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When a signal gets to the CNS in the brain from any part of the body,
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it sends back a command to react according to the situation.
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Pinch yourself now.
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Yeah, please do it.
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Ow!
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The place you've just pinched has a lot of neurons,
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just like anywhere else.
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When you pressed the skin,
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they flared up and sent the information about pain to the brain,
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which reacted by sending back a message that it hurt.
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It all happened in less than a millisecond,
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but the signal traveled several feet there and back.
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Let's go to the spinal cord now and carry out a little experiment.
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On the count of one,
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I'll sever the connections between the neurons here and you'll see what happens.
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Ready?
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One.
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See?
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You've just become limp from your waist down and can't feel anything in your legs.
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It's because your CNS can't figure out where they are.
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Okay, restoring the connections now, don't worry!
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This is why both your brain and spinal cord are naturally protected by bones,
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the skull and the vertebrae.
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Inside the spinal column, there's also cerebrospinal fluid,
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a liquid substance that protects the nerves,
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helps better conduct signals, and gets rid of weights.
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Ok, now let's take a closer look at all the rest of the nerves,
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starting with the ones at the tips of your fingers.
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Something that's not the CNS is called peripheral nervous system, or PNS.
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Will you kindly wave your hand now?
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Thanks!
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You've been able to do that because your brain consciously sent several million signals to the peripheral nerves in your shoulder,
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forearm, wrist, and hand.
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Together, they made a common effort to lift your arm,
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fix it in a certain position,
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and wave the hand from side to side.
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And responsible for this effort is your voluntary or somatic nervous system.
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Your eyebrows going up at this fact are also controlled by the same nerves.
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Did you count how many breaths you took while listening to my ramblings?
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a beat your heart had made.
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You shouldn't have.
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These things are regulated by your vegetative or involuntary nervous system.
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Your CNS sends signals to the periphery and tells your heart to beat,
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your respiratory system to let the air in and out,
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and even your bowels to digest the food you eat.
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Now, blow all the air out of your lungs and hold your breath for as long as you can.
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Okay, this will take some time,
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so fast-forward to the point where you start wanting to breathe in.
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Letting the air out and holding your breath are your conscious actions,
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so it's you who tells your brain to send signals to the breathing organs.
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But when you start lacking oxygen,
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it's already your brain that tells you to stop fooling around.
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Oh, I see you're becoming blue in the face.
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Please inhale already.
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And now I'll do something you'll have to forgive me for.
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Ow!
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Sorry, you dropped the phone because I sent a little shock through it.
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The point is, you subconsciously let your phone go as soon as you felt the pain.
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When I asked you to pinch yourself,
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you activated your voluntary nervous system,
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so you expected the pain and could continue pinching if you wanted to.
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This shock came unexpectedly, though,
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so your involuntary nervous system jolted in and made you move away from the threat ASAP.
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That said, your self-preservation instinct is something that's regulated by your nerves as well.
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Your body will try to save itself from harm even without your consent.
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Hey, what's that itch?
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You need to scratch it now.
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Thanks.
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Itching appears when there's something on or under your skin that doesn't belong there,
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like an insect or a bite it left.
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Nerves at the site flare up like beacons,
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and your brain sends signals to that spot.
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But when you scratch the itch,
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you feel two opposite things at once.
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Consciously, you experience relief because it's not itching anymore.
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On the subconscious level, though,
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your brain perceives scratching as pain and shifts your attention from the itch to the scratch instead.
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Basically, by scratching, you trick your brain into believing there are more important things to do than paying attention to the itch.
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Hey, is it me or is it a bit too hot here?
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Yeah, I see droplets of sweat on your forehead.
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When the outside temperature rises,
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your CNN reacts to the change.
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Billions of signals flash through your entire body.
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Sweat glands receive them in the blink of an eye and start working furiously.
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Sweat appears on your skin, cooling it down.
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I recommend going to the AC and turning it higher a bit, thank you.
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Hey, I said a bit,
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not all the way up.
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Ah, great, now you're shivering.
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Your brain is confused but is still working fast,
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reacting to the change of circumstances.
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Once again, it sends billions of signals to all the neurons in your muscles,
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telling them to start contracting as quickly as they can.
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By doing so, they create friction, and friction generates heat.
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Your heart starts beating faster too,
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by the way, pumping blood to your limbs to keep them from freezing.
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All this also makes you think sliding that counter up a notch is a good idea.
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On the topic of thinking,
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neurons are responsible for that too.
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For example, this is your first time watching this video video.
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You can't possibly know what I'm going to do or say next.
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Maybe I'll do a barrel roll.
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Or just end the whole video abruptly.
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Your brain is only now creating the neural connections necessary for you to remember what's coming up next.
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This is why you're still bearing with me.
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You want to know.
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But as soon as you've watched it until the end,
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the interest is gone, no matter how fascinating I am.
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Your CNS has created enough connections between the neurons,
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and if you start over,
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they will tell you what to expect.
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Still, the pathways are very basic.
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A simple example.
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What did I say exactly 3 minutes and 5 seconds into the video?
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You can't remember, because your neural connections aren't strong enough yet to give such details.
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But the more times you watch,
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the stronger and more numerous they become,
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and after a number of attempts,
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you'll be able to repeat the whole text word for word.
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The same happens when you learn some new skill, like roller skating.
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At first, you can't move even a single foot.
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Your brain encounters an unusual task and is all ablaze with signals it's sending every which way.
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You fall, but then you stand up and try once more.
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This time, several million neurons are already connected,
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and your CNS doesn't waste time creating new links.
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You fall again, and again, and again.
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But every time you rise and repeat,
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your brain gets more and more adapted,
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until finally, on your 5th,
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10th, or 50th attempt, you skate forward.
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The brain captures the moment you stop falling and creates strong neural connections to prevent you from repeating your previous mistakes.
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And soon enough, with more practice and links in your CNS,
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you'll be skating like a pro,
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wondering how you could be so clumsy before.
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Yet, the best thing about these connections is that they never completely go away.
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Even if you learned skating as a kid and then didn't put on the skates for 10 years,
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it'll take you just a couple of minutes to recall how it's done.
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So hey, if you're afraid to take that dusty guitar hanging on the wall for years, don't be.
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Go strum the strings, it'll all come back to you in a jiffy.
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Maybe not the calluses.
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Контекст и фон
В данном видео мы погружаемся в изучение нервной системы человека, фокусируясь на центральной нервной системе (ЦНС) и периферической нервной системе (ПНС). Спикер объясняет, как нервные импульсы передаются в мозг и как мы реагируем на различные стимулы. Это видео служит попутным путеводителем в мире анатомии и физиологии, предоставляя при этом полезные фразы для повседневного общения и практики английского языка.
Топ-5 фраз для повседневного общения
- Когда мы видим боль, наш мозг отвечает мгновенно. (When we see pain, our brain reacts instantly.)
- Ваши нервы контролируют движения. (Your nerves control movements.)
- Это происходит за доли секунды. (It happens in a fraction of a second.)
- Мы не осознаем, как часто мы дышим. (We aren’t aware of how often we breathe.)
- Наша вегетативная нервная система управляет такими функциями, как сердцебиение. (Our autonomic nervous system manages functions like heartbeat.)
Пошаговое руководство по шадовспику
Чтобы извлечь максимум из этого видео и улучшить произношение английского, следуйте этому пошаговому руководству по методу shadowspeak:
- Прослушайте видео: Сначала просто смотрите и слушайте, обращая внимание на интонацию и произношение.
- Повторите за диктором: Проигрывайте короткие фрагменты по нескольку раз, стараясь имитировать тон и ритм спикера.
- Запишите себя: Используйте голосовой рекордер, чтобы записать ваше произношение. Сравните его с оригиналом — это поможет выявить области для улучшения.
- Практика с другим собеседником: Найдите партнера для практики и попробуйте вызвать аналогичные ответы друг у друга, используя фразы из видео.
- Закрепите материал: Периодически возвращайтесь к фразам и концепциям из видео, чтобы они закрепились в вашей памяти.
Применяя метод shadow speech, вы сможете значительно развить ваши навыки говорения и повысить уверенность при общении на английском языке.
Что такое техника Shadowing?
Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.
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