ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: Why Are So Many People Finding Stoicism in Our Modern Day?
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147 ประโยค
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1
Having the emotion, to me, is different than acting on the emotion.
2
Aha.
3
Lincoln famously would get upset, as all leaders do.
4
And he would write these letters, but then he would put the letters in a drawer and not send them.
5
Right?
6
You can be angry.
7
You don't have to hit send.
8
So 15 books you've written about this.
9
What is stoicism, and how do you explain it?
10
Well, I think the stereotype you mentioned is a good place to start.
11
People think stoic means has no emotions, invulnerable.
12
That's what we would call lowercase stoic.
13
That's what the word means.
14
And it was just like Epicurean means loves food, but it's actually also a 2 ,500 -year -old ancient philosophy.
15
And so I sort of define stoicism as this idea that we don't control what happens, but we control how we respond to what happens.
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And the Stoics believed that everything was an opportunity to practice virtue.
17
And those four virtues for the Stoics were courage, temperance or self -discipline, justice, and wisdom.
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And so the idea is that life can throw a lot at you, but it can't prevent you from acting with virtue.
19
That's something you could do in prison.
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You could also do as the emperor of Rome.
21
And so Stoicism then is this sort of toolkit for dealing with a world where the vast majority...
22
So it's not a religion.
23
I don't think so.
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It's a way of living.
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And there have been the Stoics lived in a world of the gods and there have been Stoics since, you know, God.
26
It's, I think, perfectly compatible with a variety of different faiths, but it's mostly a way of living, a set of ideas.
27
Now, when I read Obstacle is the Way, I was struck by how simple the idea is
28
And yet how radical it also becomes when you actually try to live it, that the very thing, y 'all,
29
blocking your path might actually be the path.
30
So Marcus Aurelius, emperor of Rome around the year 170, wrote, what stands in the way becomes the way.
31
Yeah.
32
Yeah.
33
And I had not come across that as a philosophy.
34
How does what's standing in the way become the way, Ryan?
35
I think what he's specifically talking about makes it very clear.
36
So the obstacle he's referring to, because he's writing in meditations, which is just his private thoughts.
37
So he's not saying it to us.
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He's saying it to himself.
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And he's talking about difficult and annoying people.
40
He's saying difficult and annoying people can get in our way.
41
They can cause problems for us, right?
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Our opponents, our competitors, anyone can cause problems for us but they can't prevent us from moving forward
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because they're actually presenting us a new way to move forward, whether it's patience, whether it's forgiveness, whether it's creativity or perseverance.
44
So for the Stoics, when they say the obstacle is the way, sometimes you can transform what you're dealing with into some huge opportunity to move forward in a professional capacity.
45
But always in a personal capacity,
46
we're being challenged and tested we're given an opportunity to practice some kind of excellence,
47
some reach for us that maybe we wouldn't have done under ordinary circumstances, but this circumstance we're in gives us the chance to do that.
48
That's what he means.
49
So you write about persistent, directed action, and you say action is the solution and cure to our predicaments.
50
How do people take action when they're stuck, when they don't know what to do.
51
Most people don't take action because they're stuck.
52
One of the Stoic philosophers, Seneca, he said that the one thing all fools have in common is that they're always getting ready to start.
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So we say we're going to do it later.
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We say we're going to do it tomorrow.
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We say we're going to do it when things go back to normal.
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All fools have this in common.
57
I was thinking, okay, I'm in that fool category.
58
Me too.
59
I'm getting ready.
60
I'm getting ready.
61
Yeah, we're working ourselves up to it.
62
Yeah.
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And really we gotta get started.
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We gotta, what's the smallest thing?
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What's the next right thing that we can do?
66
Yeah.
67
One of my favorite writing rules is just a couple crappy pages a day.
68
Yeah.
69
You know, just get started.
70
Don't overthink it.
71
Don't let perfection be a form of paralysis.
72
Yeah.
73
But what can you do right now that at least makes a small positive difference?
74
Yeah, so even if you're tired, even if you're discouraged, you still take action no matter what.
75
Well, that's what discipline is, right?
76
Doing it when you don't want to do it
77
or you don't have to do it or you have a good excuse to not do it.
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Yeah.
79
Well, one of the sentences, the first sentences that stood out for me is, it doesn't matter what happens to us.
80
It can be for the best if we use it to be better for ourselves and others.
81
I think that's true.
82
Sounds crazy, but also really challenging to apply.
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And in order to make it real, you organize the book around the three principles, perception, action, and will.
84
Yeah.
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Okay.
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That's how the Stoics try to approach every situation they're in.
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First, how do we think about this?
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What's the story I'm telling myself about it?
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What's my view on it?
90
The Stoics remind themselves that, you know, it's not things that are the problem.
91
It's our opinion about those things, right?
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The story we tell ourselves about it, You know, this was unfair.
93
This was cruel.
94
I was humiliated.
95
These are all subjective interpretations of an objective event.
96
So first, how do we see this?
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That's really, really essential.
98
Well, that's so interesting because since reading so many of your books and other people's books about stoicism, I now ask people, I used to say,
99
oh, say, tell me what happened.
100
I've now caught myself saying, what's the story you're telling yourself about this?
101
Do you know what my therapist said to me once.
102
I said, you know, I gave some interpretation of an event and she corrected me and she said, no, no, no. What you make up about this is.
103
Yes.
104
Right.
105
It is.
106
And then what I make up about it is my interpretation.
107
That's right.
108
So what is the story you have made up about what is actually happening?
109
Yes.
110
Yes.
111
And so stoicism is training to be able to see things as objectively, as dispassionately as possible, not in the sway of our initial impression
112
or our emotions or our bias or whatever pattern we have followed our whole life.
113
Okay, could you give me an example using perception?
114
Yeah.
115
Okay, first and foremost, something happens and then we say, this is bad.
116
Yeah.
117
Or this is unrecoverable from, you know, my reputation has been damaged.
118
That interpretation and stepping back and going, no, no, no, no. Somebody else might see this totally different.
119
Or had I not known that this happened, had someone said that rude remark to you and you just didn't hear it, or your phone deleted the email, would your life be ruined?
120
No, it's just that you know about it and then you have an opinion about it that is the problem.
121
So trying to step back and see the thing first and foremost objectively.
122
And then I think what we can get better at is going, hey, if I have the power to tell myself a negative story about this, I also have the power to tell myself a positive story about this.
123
And that's where, when we say the obstacle is the way, what we mean is, hey, this is a chance for me to do something that I couldn't do under ordinary circumstances.
124
So how do we, Ryan, train ourselves to see clearly when emotions are running high?
125
How do you, so in every situation, you first do the assessment.
126
Yeah.
127
Yeah.
128
And you sort of step back and you don't shut down your emotions or do you shut down your emotions?
129
I don't think you shut them down.
130
I think the stereotype...
131
You repress your emotion.
132
What do you do?
133
Having the emotion to me is different than acting on the emotion.
134
Uh -huh.
135
Lincoln famously would get upset as all leaders do.
136
And he would write these letters, but then he would put the letters in a drawer and not send them.
137
Right.
138
You can be angry.
139
You don't you don't have to hit send because you can take a minute to think about it.
140
So to me, Stoicism is that reflection, that pause after the initial impression.
141
The Stoics are talking about taking every interpretation, every view, every instinct, every impulse, and putting it to the test, going, hey, how am I gonna feel about this later?
142
Am I sure I'm not gonna regret this?
143
Is this actually making it better or worse?
144
So the Stoic philosophy is not to act, not to react emotionally, is to take a moment, take the whole thing in,
145
and see, try to look at it from the perspective of what is actually happening here, and not just the story I'm telling myself about what's happening here.
146
Yeah, it's that pause between the stimulus and the thing you do.
147
Thank you.
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คำศัพท์และข้อสังเกตด้านการพูดสำหรับบทเรียนนี้
วิดีโอนี้มี 147 ประโยค และ 1571 คำ สำหรับฝึกพูดตาม ช่วงที่มีเสียงพูดยาว 9:10 ผู้พูดพูดด้วยความเร็วเป็นธรรมชาติ ประมาณ 171 คำต่อนาที ใกล้เคียงกับบทสนทนาในชีวิตประจำวัน 87% ของคำอยู่ใน 3,000 คำที่ใช้บ่อยที่สุดในภาษาอังกฤษ คำศัพท์จึงตามได้ง่าย
คำศัพท์สำคัญในวิดีโอนี้
คำที่ควรเรียนรู้ 15 คำจากวิดีโอ พร้อมคำอ่านและความหมาย:
| คำศัพท์ | คำอ่าน | ความหมาย |
|---|---|---|
| emotion คำนาม | /ɪˈməʊ.ʃən/ | อารมณ์ |
| obstacle คำนาม | /ˈɑbstəkəl/ | อุปสรรค, ขวากหนาม |
| circumstance คำนาม | /ˈsɝ.kəmˌstæns/ | กรณี, สถานการณ์ |
| ordinary คำคุณศัพท์ | /ˈɔɹdɪnɛɹi/ | สามัญ |
| impression คำนาม | /ɪmˈpɹɛʃn̩/ | ความประทับใจ |
| emperor คำนาม | /ˈɛmp(ə)ɹə/ | จักรพรรดิ, ฮ่องเต้ |
| discipline คำนาม | /ˈdɪsəplɪn/ | วินัย |
| perception คำนาม | /pɚˈsɛpʃ(ə)n/ | การรับรู้ |
| drawer คำนาม | /dɹɔɹ/ | เก๊ะ, ลิ้นชัก |
| vast คำคุณศัพท์ | /væst/ | ว้างเวิ้ง, ไพศาล |
| reputation คำนาม | /ˌɹɛpjʊˈteɪʃən/ | ชื่อเสียง |
| regret คำกริยา | /ɹɪˈɡɹɛt/ | เสียใจ, เสียดาย |
| remind คำกริยา | /ɹəˈmaɪnd/ | เตือน |
| objective คำนาม | /ɒbˈd͡ʒɛk.tɪv/ | เป้าหมาย |
| principle คำนาม | /ˈpɹɪn.sɪ.pəl/ | หลัก, คติ |
ไวยากรณ์ในวิดีโอนี้
โครงสร้างที่ผู้พูดใช้บ่อยที่สุด พร้อมคำพูดจริงจากวิดีโอ:
| โครงสร้าง | ในวิดีโอ |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + กริยาช่อง 3 — เหตุการณ์ในอดีตที่ยังเกี่ยวข้องกับปัจจุบัน | you've written · have been · I've now caught |
| Passive voice be + กริยาช่อง 3 — เน้นสิ่งที่เกิดขึ้น ไม่ใช่ผู้กระทำ | was struck · being challenged · was humiliated |
การออกเสียงที่ควรระวัง
ผู้พูดใช้รูปย่อและรูปลดเสียง 47 ครั้ง เช่น don't, we're, I'm ให้พูดแบบสั้นตามที่ได้ยิน
- เสียง “sh” และ “zh”: emotion /ɪˈməʊ.ʃən/, interpretation /ɪnˌtɜːpɹəˈteɪʃən/, impression /ɪmˈpɹɛʃn̩/, perception /pɚˈsɛpʃ(ə)n/, reputation /ˌɹɛpjʊˈteɪʃən/
- คำยาว — ลงเสียงหนักให้ถูกพยางค์: interpretation /ɪnˌtɜːpɹəˈteɪʃən/, ordinary /ˈɔɹdɪnɛɹi/, reputation /ˌɹɛpjʊˈteɪʃən/, emotionally /ɪˈməʊʃənəli/, creativity /kri.eɪˈtɪv.ᵻ.ti/
วิธีฝึกกับวิดีโอนี้
- ฟังวิดีโอให้จบหนึ่งรอบโดยยังไม่ต้องพูด แล้วจดคำที่ยังไม่รู้จัก
- เริ่มที่ความเร็ว 0.75× พูดตามทีละประโยค แล้วกลับไปใช้ความเร็วปกติเมื่อเริ่มคล่อง
- อัดเสียงตัวเองแล้วเทียบกับต้นฉบับ โดยสังเกตคำอย่าง emotion, obstacle, circumstance เป็นพิเศษ
เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?
Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ