跟讀練習: Of romantic love - Alan Macfarlane - 通過影片學習英語口語

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115 句

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Romantic love.

I've put in the word romantic because of course there are many kinds of love.

There's love between parents and children, between friends, all sorts of kinds of love.

But the kind I'm talking about is the kind of romance traditionally between a young man

and a young lady and now between almost anything or anybody which leads to a partnership.

It's called by some sociologists the romantic love complex

because it doesn't mean just a passionate attachment or desire between people

but something of that kind which then leads to marriage

or a permanent union

because all societies of course have had passionate attractions even very arranged marriage societies have had them

but the institutionalization the making of romantic love the basis for most people's marriages

and it's most people's because there are always exceptions sometimes they're very rich

or politically powerful have a much more arranged marriage system but the majority of the population that system is extraordinary

i'd always assumed because i was brought up within it that it was how you married how you found a partner.

It was only later as I studied anthropology

and went to societies with arranged marriage that I realized that it was actually quite culturally peculiar.

And so this is what I'm talking about.

Several things I've learned about this institution.

One is this peculiarity that it tends to be until recently geographically limited to western societies,

America to a considerable extent, Europe and certainly England and Scotland.

But secondly that it's old in one of these places.

There are many people who think

that romantic love is a recent thing perhaps created by the romantic poets or in the 18th century.

Some historians even have suggested this.

But I've written a book called Marriage and Love in England from 1300

and the moment you start from 1300 there it is in Chaucer of course

and elsewhere and then you can trace it back

and you can go right back into the Anglo -Saxon love poetry

and Anglo -Saxon institutions and find marriages are clearly based on mutual attraction and not organized by the family.

And so it is a very old institution,

well before the romance movement of the troubadours in southern France,

which some people think is its origin.

So it's old in Anglo -Saxon societies.

But until the 18th century it is true that even in France

and Italy and much of continental Europe it wasn't the main marriage system.

They were largely arranged and it's only in the 19th century in Europe

and in the later 20th century over much of the rest of the world that this romantic love complex has spread.

It has struck me as interesting that it seems to spread about the same time

and at the same speed as a much wider set of institutions which we roughly call culture of capitalism or

industrialization or modernity or something like that.

In other words the separating off of the economy, politics, religion and society

which is how I define modernity seems to be very much associated with romantic love

and you can see why this should be the case

because the essence of the romantic love complex is the fact

that the individual is free to choose who he or she wants to form a steady and long term partnership with.

And that freedom of choice is of course the essence of capitalism as well as Max Weber pointed out.

When people were able to go out onto the market, put their labour onto the market,

get the returns on that labour and keep them and give them or use them as they wished,

that freedom of economic activity is the essence of capitalism, free markets.

And in a way, romantic love is a free market in emotion and social bonding,

because you go out into the market and you do it roughly at the same sort of age in England.

Traditionally in England, most people left home early.

They went off as servants or apprentices or something else and they left their parental household.

So, as Peter Laslett and others have shown from the very earliest listings,

most households had just either parents living together or living together with children before their teens, basically.

Around teenage, the children left home and set up their own households, or at least they joined other households for a while,

and then, often at marriage, they would set up their own household, independent of their parents.

And the way they did this was that they would have been inculcated in an idea that some enchanted evening,

as South Pacific puts it, you will meet a stranger and suddenly you'll know that this is the person for you.

Many people, of course, it doesn't happen quite as quickly as that, though it did for me in my marriages.

I suddenly was attracted on first meeting both my wives.

And when you meet such a stranger you then spend a time in courtship.

This is rather like if you took it in an economic way you buy something

or at least you test something out you go to a shop

and you say could I try out your cars

and maybe I could have a test run in it

and I could have it on approval for a few weeks and if it suits me then I'll buy it.

Well courtship is like

that you basically start off maybe gingerly

it takes a little bit of time before you have any kind of physical intimacies

and you above all explore the other person's personality.

There of course much of English literature, I should think about 75 percent of English literature is about this.

Much of our poetry, obviously Shakespeare, John Donne, the Romantic Poets and many others,

almost all our novels are about love.

And if you look at the famous ones, Jane Austen, Charlotte Bronte and so on, you see that this testing out the conversations,

the banter, the humour

and what is being done then is to find whether this person is the sort of person who you trust,

who you like, who you would like to spend time with, who would be a suitable parent for your children.

And if they are, then it gets closer and closer.

And then you tell people that you want to get married

and in the old days you announced it in church and

if there was any objection when you called the bans then it was prohibited.

But basically you announced it and you announced it to your parents.

They had some kind of say.

They could say well we like this person very much or they could say we don't like this person

and if they were wealthy I'm going to leave you some property.

They could say we don't like this person at all and

if you marry them then you'll be cut off

or we'll give you very little and so they could exercise some pressure on you but otherwise not.

Now what the other thing I discovered was through my autobiography looking at particularly my teenage years

and then above all my university when I had several love affairs.

an education in which my heart was being trained from very early on.

We were reading this kind of poetry, these kinds of novels, watching the television later on,

going to the films, above all listening to pop music which was nearly all about love,

love, love, all you need is love as the Beatles sang.

So we were being encouraged because of course love is also very important in capitalism

because it sells love and sex sell many products and

so romance was the driving force and what happened was

that you grew away from your family you realized your parents loved each other more than they loved you

100

and you weren't number one and so you were alone

101

when you i mean you might stay at home

102

but you were still on your own emotionally to a considerable extent

103

and then you found the other one and if you were fortunate

104

that would be a lasting relationship and once you set up

105

that kind of intense partnership or comradeship

106

or companionship through life based on love romantic love to begin with and then more friendship later are on,

107

then it would last and it would become the relationship of your life.

108

And so this strange system which now is spreading to most of the world,

109

I've seen it spreading in China and Japan and Nepal and

110

so on is one which fits as part of a jigsaw puzzle of modernity

111

and it has its huge pleasures and wonderful art and

112

so on but of course it has its pains

113

which include loneliness particularly terrible loneliness when the other one the half of you that you've established goes

114

So love and loss and death are all one package.

115

Thank you.

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本課的詞彙與口語要點

這節口語課以影片“Of romantic love - Alan Macfarlane”為素材。影片中反覆出現的詞有：romantic, marriage, parent。這段影片共有 115 個句子、1496 個單詞可供跟讀。講話部分時長為 12:07。說話人語速平穩，每分鐘約 123 個詞，很適合跟讀。 85% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，其餘的詞建議在練習前先學一下。

影片中的重點詞彙

影片中 15 個值得學習的單詞，附發音和釋義：

單詞	發音	釋義
romantic 形容詞	/ɹoʊˈmæn(t)ɪk/	浪漫
institution 名詞	/ˌɪn.stɪˈtʃuː.ʃən/	制度
arrange 動詞	/əˈɹeɪnd͡ʒ/	安排, 佈置 /佈置
capitalism 名詞	/ˈkæp.ə.təlˌɪzm̩/	資本主義 /資本主義
partnership 名詞	/ˈpɑɹtnɚʃɪp/	合夥關係 /合夥關係, 合作關係 /合作關係
poetry 名詞	/ˈpoʊ.ə.tɹi/	詩歌 /詩歌, 詩 /詩
romance 名詞	/roʊˈmæn(t)s/	戀愛 /戀愛, 浪漫
announce 動詞	/əˈnaʊn(t)s/	通告, 公佈
essence 名詞	/ˈɛsəns/	本質 /本質
extent 名詞	/ɪkˈstɛnt/	範圍 /範圍
considerable 形容詞	/kənˈsɪdəɹəbl̩/	可觀 /可觀
poet 名詞	/ˈpoʊ.ət/	詩人 /詩人
attraction 名詞	/əˈtɹækʃn̩/	吸引力
passionate 形容詞	/ˈpæʃənɪt/	多情, 熾熱 /熾熱
loneliness 名詞	/ˈloʊnlinəs/	寂寞, 孤獨 /孤獨

影片中出現的短語動詞

單詞	發音	釋義
bring up 動詞		撫養 /撫養, 養大 /養大
cut off 動詞	/ˌkʌt ˈɔf/ [ˌkɐɾ ˈɔf]	切下, 割下
point out 動詞		指, 指出
try out 動詞		試用 /試用

影片中的語法

說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：

結構	影片中的用法
條件句 if + 從句，will/would + 動詞 — 條件及其結果	if it suits me then I'll buy · if you marry them then you'll be
現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事	I've put · have had · I've learned
被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的	was brought · have been inculcated · was attracted
定語從句 who / which + 從句 — 補充說明人或事物	people who think · person who you · music which was

需要注意的發音

說話人用了 20 次縮略和弱讀形式，例如 I've, I'm, doesn't。請按聽到的簡短形式來說。

“th” 音: wealthy /ˈwɛl.θi/, anthropology /ˌænθɹəˈpɑləd͡ʒi/
“sh” 和 “zh” 音: institution /ˌɪn.stɪˈtʃuː.ʃən/, partnership /ˈpɑɹtnɚʃɪp/, attraction /əˈtɹækʃn̩/, passionate /ˈpæʃənɪt/, traditionally /tɹəˈdɪʃ.ə.nə.li/
長單詞——注意重音位置: institution /ˌɪn.stɪˈtʃuː.ʃən/, capitalism /ˈkæp.ə.təlˌɪzm̩/, considerable /kənˈsɪdəɹəbl̩/, traditionally /tɹəˈdɪʃ.ə.nə.li/, associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/

中文母語者容易讀錯的音：

/v/ — 不要讀成 /w/，上齒輕觸下唇: discover /dɪˈskʌvə/, servant /ˈsɝvənt/
詞尾子音 — 要讀清楚，後面不要加母音: romantic /ɹoʊˈmæn(t)ɪk/, household /ˈhaʊshoʊld/, arrange /əˈɹeɪnd͡ʒ/, partnership /ˈpɑɹtnɚʃɪp/, romance /roʊˈmæn(t)s/
/r/ 和 /l/ 的區別: roughly /ˈɹʌf.li/, considerable /kənˈsɪdəɹəbl̩/, traditionally /tɹəˈdɪʃ.ə.nə.li/, elsewhere /ˈɛlsˌʍɛɹ/, explore /ɪkˈsploɹ/

如何用這段影片練習

先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
用正常速度逐句跟讀，每句重複到你的節奏與說話人一致為止。
錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 romantic, institution, arrange 這類單詞。

什麼是跟讀法？

跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟讀法: 閱讀完整分步指南 →

跟讀練習: Of romantic love - Alan Macfarlane - 通過影片學習英語口語

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