쉐도잉 연습: Of romantic love - Alan Macfarlane - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

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Romantic love.

I've put in the word romantic because of course there are many kinds of love.

There's love between parents and children, between friends, all sorts of kinds of love.

But the kind I'm talking about is the kind of romance traditionally between a young man

and a young lady and now between almost anything or anybody which leads to a partnership.

It's called by some sociologists the romantic love complex

because it doesn't mean just a passionate attachment or desire between people

but something of that kind which then leads to marriage

or a permanent union

because all societies of course have had passionate attractions even very arranged marriage societies have had them

but the institutionalization the making of romantic love the basis for most people's marriages

and it's most people's because there are always exceptions sometimes they're very rich

or politically powerful have a much more arranged marriage system but the majority of the population that system is extraordinary

i'd always assumed because i was brought up within it that it was how you married how you found a partner.

It was only later as I studied anthropology

and went to societies with arranged marriage that I realized that it was actually quite culturally peculiar.

And so this is what I'm talking about.

Several things I've learned about this institution.

One is this peculiarity that it tends to be until recently geographically limited to western societies,

America to a considerable extent, Europe and certainly England and Scotland.

But secondly that it's old in one of these places.

There are many people who think

that romantic love is a recent thing perhaps created by the romantic poets or in the 18th century.

Some historians even have suggested this.

But I've written a book called Marriage and Love in England from 1300

and the moment you start from 1300 there it is in Chaucer of course

and elsewhere and then you can trace it back

and you can go right back into the Anglo -Saxon love poetry

and Anglo -Saxon institutions and find marriages are clearly based on mutual attraction and not organized by the family.

And so it is a very old institution,

well before the romance movement of the troubadours in southern France,

which some people think is its origin.

So it's old in Anglo -Saxon societies.

But until the 18th century it is true that even in France

and Italy and much of continental Europe it wasn't the main marriage system.

They were largely arranged and it's only in the 19th century in Europe

and in the later 20th century over much of the rest of the world that this romantic love complex has spread.

It has struck me as interesting that it seems to spread about the same time

and at the same speed as a much wider set of institutions which we roughly call culture of capitalism or

industrialization or modernity or something like that.

In other words the separating off of the economy, politics, religion and society

which is how I define modernity seems to be very much associated with romantic love

and you can see why this should be the case

because the essence of the romantic love complex is the fact

that the individual is free to choose who he or she wants to form a steady and long term partnership with.

And that freedom of choice is of course the essence of capitalism as well as Max Weber pointed out.

When people were able to go out onto the market, put their labour onto the market,

get the returns on that labour and keep them and give them or use them as they wished,

that freedom of economic activity is the essence of capitalism, free markets.

And in a way, romantic love is a free market in emotion and social bonding,

because you go out into the market and you do it roughly at the same sort of age in England.

Traditionally in England, most people left home early.

They went off as servants or apprentices or something else and they left their parental household.

So, as Peter Laslett and others have shown from the very earliest listings,

most households had just either parents living together or living together with children before their teens, basically.

Around teenage, the children left home and set up their own households, or at least they joined other households for a while,

and then, often at marriage, they would set up their own household, independent of their parents.

And the way they did this was that they would have been inculcated in an idea that some enchanted evening,

as South Pacific puts it, you will meet a stranger and suddenly you'll know that this is the person for you.

Many people, of course, it doesn't happen quite as quickly as that, though it did for me in my marriages.

I suddenly was attracted on first meeting both my wives.

And when you meet such a stranger you then spend a time in courtship.

This is rather like if you took it in an economic way you buy something

or at least you test something out you go to a shop

and you say could I try out your cars

and maybe I could have a test run in it

and I could have it on approval for a few weeks and if it suits me then I'll buy it.

Well courtship is like

that you basically start off maybe gingerly

it takes a little bit of time before you have any kind of physical intimacies

and you above all explore the other person's personality.

There of course much of English literature, I should think about 75 percent of English literature is about this.

Much of our poetry, obviously Shakespeare, John Donne, the Romantic Poets and many others,

almost all our novels are about love.

And if you look at the famous ones, Jane Austen, Charlotte Bronte and so on, you see that this testing out the conversations,

the banter, the humour

and what is being done then is to find whether this person is the sort of person who you trust,

who you like, who you would like to spend time with, who would be a suitable parent for your children.

And if they are, then it gets closer and closer.

And then you tell people that you want to get married

and in the old days you announced it in church and

if there was any objection when you called the bans then it was prohibited.

But basically you announced it and you announced it to your parents.

They had some kind of say.

They could say well we like this person very much or they could say we don't like this person

and if they were wealthy I'm going to leave you some property.

They could say we don't like this person at all and

if you marry them then you'll be cut off

or we'll give you very little and so they could exercise some pressure on you but otherwise not.

Now what the other thing I discovered was through my autobiography looking at particularly my teenage years

and then above all my university when I had several love affairs.

an education in which my heart was being trained from very early on.

We were reading this kind of poetry, these kinds of novels, watching the television later on,

going to the films, above all listening to pop music which was nearly all about love,

love, love, all you need is love as the Beatles sang.

So we were being encouraged because of course love is also very important in capitalism

because it sells love and sex sell many products and

so romance was the driving force and what happened was

that you grew away from your family you realized your parents loved each other more than they loved you

100

and you weren't number one and so you were alone

101

when you i mean you might stay at home

102

but you were still on your own emotionally to a considerable extent

103

and then you found the other one and if you were fortunate

104

that would be a lasting relationship and once you set up

105

that kind of intense partnership or comradeship

106

or companionship through life based on love romantic love to begin with and then more friendship later are on,

107

then it would last and it would become the relationship of your life.

108

And so this strange system which now is spreading to most of the world,

109

I've seen it spreading in China and Japan and Nepal and

110

so on is one which fits as part of a jigsaw puzzle of modernity

111

and it has its huge pleasures and wonderful art and

112

so on but of course it has its pains

113

which include loneliness particularly terrible loneliness when the other one the half of you that you've established goes

114

So love and loss and death are all one package.

115

Thank you.

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이 레슨의 어휘와 말하기 포인트

이 말하기 레슨은 영상 “Of romantic love - Alan Macfarlane”을(를) 바탕으로 합니다. 가장 자주 반복되는 단어는 다음과 같습니다: romantic, marriage, parent. 이 영상에는 섀도잉할 문장 115개와 단어 1496개가 있습니다. 말하는 구간의 길이는 12:07입니다. 화자는 분당 약 123단어의 일정한 속도로 말해서 섀도잉하기에 편한 속도입니다. 단어의 85%가 영어에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 3,000단어에 속합니다. 나머지는 연습 전에 미리 확인해 두세요.

이 영상의 핵심 어휘

영상에 나오는 익혀 둘 만한 단어 15개를 발음, 뜻과 함께 정리했습니다.

단어	발음	뜻
romantic 형용사	/ɹoʊˈmæn(t)ɪk/	로맨틱하다
institution 명사	/ˌɪn.stɪˈtʃuː.ʃən/	제도
arrange 동사	/əˈɹeɪnd͡ʒ/	조정하다
capitalism 명사	/ˈkæp.ə.təlˌɪzm̩/	자본주의
partnership 명사	/ˈpɑɹtnɚʃɪp/	파트너십
poetry 명사	/ˈpoʊ.ə.tɹi/	시, 시가
romance 명사	/roʊˈmæn(t)s/	연애, 련애
announce 동사	/əˈnaʊn(t)s/	발표(發表)하다, 공포(公布)하다
essence 명사	/ˈɛsəns/	본질
poet 명사	/ˈpoʊ.ət/	시인
passionate 형용사	/ˈpæʃənɪt/	불타는
loneliness 명사	/ˈloʊnlinəs/	고독, 외로움
package 명사	/ˈpæk.ɪd͡ʒ/	짐, 꾸러미
encourage 동사	/ɪnˈkʌɹ.ɪd͡ʒ/	격려하다
marry 동사	/ˈmæɹi/	결혼하다, 장가가다

영상에 나오는 구동사

단어	뜻
bring up 동사	꺼내다
point out 동사	가리키다

이 영상의 문법

화자가 가장 많이 쓰는 문형을 영상 속 실제 표현과 함께 정리했습니다.

문형	영상 속 표현
조건문 if + 절, will/would + 동사 — 조건과 그 결과	if it suits me then I'll buy · if you marry them then you'll be
현재완료 have/has + 과거분사 — 과거의 일이 지금도 관련이 있을 때	I've put · have had · I've learned
수동태 be + 과거분사 — 누가 하는지보다 무슨 일이 일어나는지에 초점	was brought · are clearly based · were largely arranged
관계절 who / which + 절 — 사람이나 사물에 대한 추가 정보	people who think · person who you · music which was

주의할 발음

화자는 I've, I'm, doesn't 같은 축약형과 약화된 형태를 20번 사용합니다. 들리는 대로 짧게 발음하세요.

“th” 소리: wealthy /ˈwɛl.θi/, anthropology /ˌænθɹəˈpɑləd͡ʒi/
“sh”와 “zh” 소리: institution /ˌɪn.stɪˈtʃuː.ʃən/, partnership /ˈpɑɹtnɚʃɪp/, attraction /əˈtɹækʃn̩/, passionate /ˈpæʃənɪt/, traditionally /tɹəˈdɪʃ.ə.nə.li/
긴 단어 — 강세 위치에 주의: institution /ˌɪn.stɪˈtʃuː.ʃən/, capitalism /ˈkæp.ə.təlˌɪzm̩/, considerable /kənˈsɪdəɹəbl̩/, traditionally /tɹəˈdɪʃ.ə.nə.li/, associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/

한국어 화자가 어려워하는 소리:

/f/ — ㅍ(/p/)으로 바꾸지 말고 윗니를 아랫입술에 대기: roughly /ˈɹʌf.li/, friendship /ˈfɹɛn(d)ʃɪp/, define /dɪˈfaɪn/, affair /əˈfɛɹ/, fortunate /ˈfɔɹ.t͡ʃə.nɪt/
/v/ — ㅂ(/b/)과 구별하기: discover /dɪˈskʌvə/, servant /ˈsɝvənt/
/z/ — ㅈ이 아니라 성대를 울리는 /s/: capitalism /ˈkæp.ə.təlˌɪzm̩/, organize /ˈɔɹɡənaɪz/, puzzle /ˈpʌzəl/, industrialization /ɪnˌdʌstɹɪəlɪˈzeɪʃən/, institutionalization /ˌɪnstɪˌtjuːʃnəlaɪˈzeɪʃən/

이 영상으로 연습하는 방법

먼저 말하지 않고 영상을 끝까지 듣고 모르는 단어를 적어 둡니다.
보통 속도로 한 문장씩 섀도잉하고, 화자의 리듬과 맞을 때까지 반복합니다.
자신의 목소리를 녹음해 원본과 비교하고, romantic, institution, arrange 같은 단어에 특히 주의합니다.

쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법

쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.

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