跟讀練習: Our Minds Are Weirder than You Think - 通過影片學習英語口語

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You exist in a truly secret place nobody but you can enter: Your mind.

When we say mind we mean the place where you, whatever you are, exist.

It's the totality of your inner world, the location of your consciousness and memories, the toolset of your intelligence.

It’s the place where all of your wants, thoughts and emotions happen, where you think, learn, dream and imagine things – consciously and unconsciously.

Your mind is truly your own, a universe only directly accessible and inhabited by you – and inaccessible to anyone else in the universe.

And your mind is probably unique to you.

Probably, because how would we know if two minds are the same?

What do you see when you imagine an apple?

A detailed scenery, a crisp image with clear details and colour?

Is the apple hanging in a void?

Can you rotate it?

Is it a 2D shape?

Is it colorless or transparent or very vague?

Or don’t you see anything at all but feel what an apple feels like to you?

Maybe a weird mix?

Do you have an internal voice that narrates your life?

Do you have an inner monologue?

Is there silence inside your mind?

Do you only hear voices when you read?

Or do you process thoughts nonverbally or even just feel the world around you?

It is a bit stunning how many variations of inner universes humans have and how different our minds must be.

Humans have arguably the most complex minds on earth but today it is widely accepted that minds are not exclusive to us.

There are trillions of animal minds out in the world, uncountable little secret universes, forever locked to us.

And by looking at them and their evolution we may be able to learn why our minds are as stunning as they are today.

A pretty wild idea is that minds might have originally evolved to control your movements.

To create a gap between all of your sensory input, and your motor output, how you react to information by moving your body.

A Tool To Deal with the World When life emerged it was without any minds but just cells, able to eat, poop and reproduce.

They already had to navigate a complex and dangerous world and to process sensory input – but they were extremely inflexible.

If a cell had the inner state “hungry” and sensed “food” it automatically moved in that direction – or it flapped around randomly until it ran into a meal by accident.

This worked well enough for billions of years and still does.

But as life exploded in complexity and became multicellular, cells began to dedicate themselves to processing information.

The first very simple “minds” emerged: little more than tiny gaps.

Virtual spaces in which sensory information could be processed for a short moment before these early animals had to react.

Roundworms only have 302 neurons in total, yet they are already able to learn things like “this thing is bad” and retain a memory that changes behavior for a few hours before they forget again.

Minds on this level most likely don’t reason or think, but use simple rules that work well in their environments.

Scientists still debate whether this counts as mind or are still just preprogrammed automated reflexes.

With more neurons, animals can “freeze” before they act.

Process and interpret information and make decisions for what is the best option at that moment.

This is arguably where a true inner space, a mind begins to emerge.

And some insects may have something like it, like our buddy the bee.

With a brain smaller than a sesame seed and about one million neurons, a bee has a much larger mind gap.

And it is filled with information about the world.

It builds and remembers a huge mental map of flowers over square kilometers of terrain, cross referencing it with the position of the sun to find its way.

Bees can take shortcuts, so they can’t be simply following reflexes but are actually navigating their internal maps.

In extreme cases when resources are scarce, bees can move up to 10km from their hives to collect food – the equivalent of going from Paris to Rome for groceries.

And they teach the location of the food by dancing.

Minds have emerged a few times in evolutionary history and evolved in different directions, so while we are telling this story by increasing complexity, in reality minds are more like a weird mix of different experiments, depending on what niches the animals fill.

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Every business idea starts simple, but things can get complex fast.

That’s where Odoo comes in: with more than 45 user-friendly apps, you can handle everything from accounting and inventory to CRM and much more – all centralized on a single platform.

For example, you can create and send invoices in seconds: just select your customer, add your products and quantities, define the billing terms, and send everything via email.

Plus, the built-in chatter gives you an overview of your emails, notes and activities – all in one place.

Tracking your payments, with clear statuses and deadlines, is just as simple.

You can try all these features for free – because your first Odoo app is free forever, with unlimited support and hosting included.

When you’re ready to scale up, Odoo adapts to your needs – you can simply add more apps.

And you get access to all applications starting at just $24.90 a month.

With Odoo, your business mind knows no limits.

And now back to the video!

Mind complexity probably increases dramatically as we add more neurons, like the octopus that has about 500 million of them.

Only 40% of their neurons are in their central brain, while each of their arms has their own mini nerve centers that taste, process information locally at the same time and act on their own.

The central brain does still coordinate them for complex behavior, like catching prey, because imagine 8 arms doing their own thing all the time.

But different arms are specialized and used primarily for different tasks, like exploring or movement.

And we know their arms can make decisions independently to some degree and have some autonomy.

Octopuses are very intelligent animals, able to do loads of complex things, so their minds should be somewhat complex.

But how does their mind experience things?

Is it distributed over their whole body?

Does an Octopus feel like multiple smaller minds interacting as one thing?

If octopuses show how strange minds can be, birds show how sophisticated they can become if it develops in a different direction.

Some bird species with billions of neurons probably have surprisingly sophisticated minds, where they can go one step further: While minds may have started as a gap to delay action, bird minds are able to simulate a map of reality, including other players.

Scrub Jays are hoarders that catch and hide all sorts of food in different places, from worms to nuts.

Inside their mind they keep track of time and are aware that fresh food goes bad.

So after a few days have passed they will ignore the hiding places of dead worms and instead go for the nuts that are still good.

Probably more impressive, they might be able to simulate the minds of other birds – If a scrub jay is hiding food and notices another jay watching, they will return later and re-hide their stash so it doesn’t get stolen.

Which is a perfect transition to what makes the minds of humans so special: While we are probably not the only animals that can simulate other minds inside our mind – humans with our 86 billion neurons have taken it to extraordinary depths.

The Internal Universe When humans are born they are cute but selfish blobs of meat, solely focused on their own needs.

But around 18–24 months a baby becomes able to recognise itself in a mirror.

It realizes that something that seems to be “other” is actually itself – which is usually a delightful experience for the human larvae.

But it is also the first step of a powerful realization: You are not just an observer in the world – there are also others that can observe you.

You see and you are seen.

And if you are seen… well then you can’t just behave egoistically all the time – because you need the goodwill of others to stay alive.

We humans are not just simulating other minds in our minds.

We simulate minds, simulating minds.

We think about what others think.

We think about what they think about us thinking about what they think.

And so on. There are a lot of layers.

This awareness of the minds of others may be one of the origins of our moral conscience and a huge reason why we are able to live in large societies, with other humans we are not related to.

And may have spawned one of our most charming obsessions: storytelling.

We don’t just remember that an event happened, we imagine what the people that were part of it were thinking, what we think they should have been thinking, what might have happened if they acted and thought differently.

Combined with our ability to create fictional universes to plan ahead we have created countless fictional worlds, with people that don’t exist but that we deeply relate to.

That are real to us.

Every movie, novel or comic is humans sharing their internal simulations with each other.

Whether you see a photorealistic apple in your mind or feel the concept of an apple, in the storytelling space we are all able to come together and understand each other.

This is how we transport information about morality and our values, about what we think is good or bad.

So maybe the most amazing thing about human minds is that they're fundamentally social - filled with voices, ideas, and perspectives from countless others.

Your thoughts and feelings have been shaped by stories that never happened but that you've absorbed and simulated in your mind in a way that is unique to you.

In a very real sense, your secret mind isn't just yours, but a collaborative creation between you and all the human minds that came before.

And if you want you can add your stories as well.

For the ones that come after.

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We had a blast designing them, packing each one with love and tiny details.

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為什麼要通過這個影片練習口語？

學習英語的一個重要部分是能夠在真實環境中練習你的口語，而這段影片正是一個理想的練習材料。通過觀看和模仿影片中的說話者，你可以提高自己的發音和語調，從而增強你的口語能力。這種方法被稱為影子跟讀（shadow speak），它不僅能幫助你提高發音的準確性，還能加深對詞彙的理解以及句子的構造。結合這種方法，你將能夠在說英語時更加流暢自信，同時也能拓寬你的思維方式，因為每個人的思維都是獨一無二的。

語法與表達在語境中的運用

條件句: 說話者提到“如果細胞感到‘飢餓’...” 這種結構幫助解釋因果關係，有助於你在口語中使用條件句表達想法。
現在完成時: “人類在進化中已經...”, 這種時態的使用表明過去發生的事情與現在的聯絡，可以幫助你描述經歷和成就。
疑問句: “你想像一個蘋果時看到什麼？” 此類問題能夠激發對話，鼓勵你在溝通中提出問題，進一步互動。

常見發音陷阱

在這段影片中，有一些詞彙和短語可能會讓學習者感到困難。首先，“evolutionary”這個詞，通常因為其複雜的音節而導致發音錯誤。其次，“universe”這個詞的重音位置也需要注意，以確保發音清晰。此外，像“consciousness”這樣的詞由於其較長和不常見的發音方式，可能會讓學習者感到迷惑。在練習時，使用看YouTube學英語的形式跟讀，可以幫助你克服這些發音障礙，做到更加自信地表達自己。

總之，透過影子跟讀，你不僅能提升你的發音，還能增進對英語語言的理解。多加練習，逐漸讓這些語法結構和發音融入到你的日常交流中，你的英語水平將會獲得質的飛躍。利用好這些資源，您將能夠在與他人對話時更加遊刃有餘。

影片中的語法

說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：

結構	影片中的用法
現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事	have emerged · have passed · have taken
被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的	could be processed · are still just preprogrammed · is filled

什麼是跟讀法？

跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟讀法: 閱讀完整分步指南 →

跟讀練習: Our Minds Are Weirder than You Think - 通過影片學習英語口語

選擇練習模式

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為什麼要通過這個影片練習口語？

語法與表達在語境中的運用

常見發音陷阱

影片中的語法

什麼是跟讀法？