跟讀練習: The Poverty Trap - 通過影片學習英語口語
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38 句
如果句子過短或過長，請點選 Edit 進行調整。
1
The poverty trap represents the set of events likely to keep an individual in poverty unless an external force, like winning the lottery, intervenes.
2
Why does this trap exist?
3
Let's make it personal.
4
Imagine you're a college student, which you probably are.
5
You may be fortunate enough to own a desktop or laptop computer to help you complete your college assignments.
6
Being able to complete your assignments allows you to complete the course.
7
Completing all your courses allows you to graduate from college and then potentially get a well-paying job.
8
This means that your current investments in things like education will have a positive effect on your future income.
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In fact, once you graduate, your future income might come close to the highest level it will reach in your life.
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This means that the money you make today will have an exponential increase on your ability to make money in the future.
11
For each dollar you make, you are able to save and even invest that dollar for the future.
12
In this case, you are investing that dollar in education.
13
However, what would happen if your computer broke and you had to get it fixed?
14
Even as a poor student, you would probably be able to find a way to pay to get your computer fixed.
15
You might have to borrow money or sell something.
16
Regardless, you have many more opportunities to handle financial woes than someone who lives in poverty in a less developed country.
17
For people in extreme poverty, current investments in things like education will not have an immediate positive effect on future income.
18
As you can see from the new graph, money someone makes today doesn't help them make money in the future until they make a certain amount.
19
But why is this different for someone living in poverty in a less developed country?
20
Consider Grace, a poor farmer in Tanzania who raises chickens and sells them to other people in the village.
21
Grace uses the money from selling chickens to pay school fees for her children, and to buy food and clothes for them and her husband who has been sick and unable to work.
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What little she has left over she puts into feeding and caring for the chickens, buying medicine to keep them healthy, and maybe even buying baby chicks if she can afford to.
23
In this state, Grace will be able to survive and perhaps even grow her business.
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She could eventually raise her family out of poverty.
25
Unfortunately, however, things seldom remain stable.
26
The chicken coop will need maintenance, or a child will become sick and need to go to the doctor.
27
School fees will increase, or the cost of food will go up, or the house will need repairs.
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In most cases throughout the developing world, there is no health insurance, home insurance, or welfare programs to help Grace with these unexpected costs.
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In any of these situations, because Grace has very little money saved and few options for borrowing, she might have to sell all her chickens or take her children out of school to cover unexpected costs.
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This puts her back in a similar or worse situation than the one she was in before her financial woes began.
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This is the poverty trap.
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It means that if you are very poor, the money you make in the present
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or the education you receive in the present doesn't necessarily help you make more money in the future
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because you have no resources to fall back on in the case of a financial setback.
35
Every time something goes well and you are able to save a little money, something comes along and you need to use that money to survive.
36
Many people in the developing world are likely to be stuck in this trap and not able to get out, unless some other type of intervention occurs.
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What this intervention looks like is highly contested among academics, politicians, and even business experts.
38
But one thing is for sure, the poverty trap is real and creates major problems for billions of people, not to mention our entire global economy.
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本課的詞彙與口語要點
這段影片共有 38 個句子、689 個單詞可供跟讀。 講話部分時長為 3:24。 說話人語速較快，每分鐘約 202 個詞，會出現較多連讀和弱讀。 89% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，詞彙容易理解。
影片中的重點詞彙
影片中 15 個不太常見的單詞，附發音和釋義：
- poverty /ˈpɑːvɚti/ (名詞) — 貧窮 /貧窮, 貧困 /貧困. The quality or state of being poor; lack of money
- trap /tɹæp/ (名詞) — 陷阱, 圈套. A machine or other device designed to catch (and sometimes kill) animals, either by holding them in a container, or by catching hold of part of the body.
- invest /ɪnˈvɛst/ (動詞) — 耗費 /耗費, 投資 /投資. To spend money, time, or energy on something, especially for some benefit or purpose; used with in.
- intervention /ɪntɚˈvɛnʃən/ (名詞) — 介入, 幹預. The action of intervening; interfering in some course of events.
- unexpected /ʌnɪkˈspɛktɪd/ (形容詞) — 意外的, 出乎意料的. Not expected, anticipated or foreseen.
- assignment /əˈsaɪn.mənt/ (名詞) — 分配, 佈置. The act of assigning; the allocation of a job or a set of tasks.
- necessarily /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/ (副詞) — 必然地, 必定地. Inevitably; of necessity.
- stable /ˈsteɪ.bəl/ (名詞) — 馬廄, 馬棚 /馬棚. A building, wing or dependency set apart and adapted for lodging and feeding (and training) ungulates, especially horses.
- occur /əˈkɜː/ (動詞) — 發生 /發生. To happen or take place.
- welfare /ˈwɛlˌfɛɚ/ (名詞) — 福利, 幸福. Health, safety, happiness and prosperity; well-being in any respect.
- repair /ˈɹiːpɛɚ/ (動詞) — 修理. To restore to good working order, fix, or improve damaged condition; to mend; to remedy.
- resource /ɹɪˈzɔːs/ (名詞) — 資源 /資源. Something that one uses to achieve an objective, e.g. raw materials or personnel.
- laptop /ˈlæp.tɑp/ (名詞) — 手提電腦 /手提電腦, 手提計算機 /手提計算機. A laptop computer.
- politician /ˌpɑ.ləˈtɪʃ.ən/ (名詞) — 政治家, 從政者 /從政者. One engaged in politics, especially an elected or appointed government official.
- farmer /ˈfɑɹ.mɚ/ (名詞) — 農夫 /農夫, 農民 /農民. A person who works the land and/or who keeps livestock; anyone engaged in agriculture on a farm.
影片中出現的短語動詞
- come along (動詞) — 陪伴, 陪同. To accompany.
- go up (動詞) — 上昇 /上升, 上去. To move upwards.
需要注意的發音
說話人用了 3 次縮略和弱讀形式，例如 doesn't, you're。請按聽到的簡短形式來說。
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: intervention /ɪntɚˈvɛnʃən/, potentially /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/, politician /ˌpɑ.ləˈtɪʃ.ən/
- 長單詞——注意重音位置: intervention /ɪntɚˈvɛnʃən/, unexpected /ʌnɪkˈspɛktɪd/, necessarily /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/, potentially /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/, politician /ˌpɑ.ləˈtɪʃ.ən/
如何用這段影片練習
- 先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
- 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟讀，熟練之後再回到正常速度。
- 錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 poverty, trap, invest 這類單詞。
什麼是跟讀法？
跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。