跟读练习: How a Super El Niño affects the global climate - 通过视频学习英语口语

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Strange things are happening around the Pacific Ocean right now.

A 10-foot great white shark spotted dangerously close to a group of children swimming north of Los Angeles.

Hundreds of hungry pelicans are flocking to Peruvian ports and coastal markets.

The worst winter storm front to hit Chile in more than a decade.

And all signs point to El Nino as a major reason why.

The number of climate models are calling for the possibility of a Super El Nino brewing this summer.

El Nino is not uncommon.

This climate phenomenon occurs every few years, but this one could be different.

It's been called a potential super or Godzilla El Nino, and it could fuel extreme and dangerous weather conditions globally through 2027.

So now seems like a good time to explain the science behind El Nino, how strong this one might be, and how it could impact our global ecosystem.

And El Nino gets declared when trade winds shift and temperatures rise in the Pacific Ocean.

The trade winds along the equator are constantly blowing from the east to the west.

They're called the trade winds because hundreds of years ago, the sailing ships could rely on those steady winds to move them across the Pacific.

And they essentially pile up warm water in the far western Pacific.

When they slow down, even briefly, they can allow that warm water to slide backwards under the surface of the ocean.

All of that water will become warm as those trade winds weaken.

And then when they hit about a half a degree centigrade, about one degree Fahrenheit over the central Pacific,

then our team here will declare an El Nino event.

Noah says the El Nino has officially begun.

El Nino is a part of the naturally recurring climate pattern known as the El Nino Southern Oscillation or ENSO.

That acronym ENSO, El Nino Southern Oscillation, it encompasses the entire El Niño and La Niña system.

La Niña is the opposite phase with cooler than average surface temperature.

And generally we see swings between the two.

They tend to recur on a two to seven year cycle.

There's also a neutral phase in the middle when neither El Niño nor La Niña are present.

So El Niño is just a normal part of this constantly replaying cycle in the ocean.

But what's not normal is how strong scientists are predicting that this current El Nino could become.

We do have a grading system.

We actually grade it based on the sea surface temperatures in the Central Pacific, greater than 2 degrees Celsius, which is about 3.8 degrees Fahrenheit.

It's a very strong El Nino.

We have an 81% chance of being in a very strong El Nino.

That's the highest odds I've seen for that.

The atmospheric response scales with that.

So if that temperature is much,

much warmer than average, then that's a stronger El Nino and has a stronger influence over global atmospheric circulations.

A contributing factor to the strength of this El Nino is what's known as a Kelvin wave,

a 9,000-mile-long warm water mass moving across the Pacific that's a whopping 7.5 degrees Celsius

or 13.5 degrees Fahrenheit warmer than the average.

That warm water moving under the surface, it rises up as it moves to the east

and provides a source of heat for the surface and therefore feeds an El Nino event.

We've only seen El Ninos with this much strength a few times in the past.

From 1877 to 1878, an El Nino caused a famine that killed millions of people.

From 1982 to 1983, a superpowered El Nino brought drought to nearly every continent and destructive floods in North and South America.

And another from 1997 to 98 caused widespread record rainfalls, mudslides, wildfires, and coral bleaching.

So what can we expect with the strength of the current El Nino continuing to gather over the coming months?

The World Meteorological Organization's seasonal outlook is predicting temperatures and rainfall far outside of global averages.

And a stronger El Nino means more intense shifts in weather.

It makes a parade of storms more likely to happen.

Because El Nino can shift rain away from where it normally falls, it's not just that wetness or dryness increases, but where it increases.

In places that aren't necessarily used to dealing with those conditions.

You can get a lot of these kind of pattern changes.

There's parts of western Chile, the Atacama Desert, that, you know, they don't get rain maybe once every 25 years, but they do when it's in El Nino.

More wetness into Southern California, across Arizona, Texas.

The potential risk of extreme weather events is higher given the strength of this El Nino.

Droughts in Southern Asia, flooding in the Americas, and hurricanes forming in the East Pacific Ocean.

They can bring a lot more rainfall to Peru, Ecuador, and Chile and have devastating consequences there.

We see drier conditions in Indonesia, which can contribute to wildfires.

The far eastern Pacific can be, the water can be quite a lot warmer than average,

and that has a lot of implications for fish and for species that depend on fish.

Those sharks that are showing up on the beaches of Southern California, they're heading north of their usual habitat because their normal hangouts have gotten too warm,

and the fish that they eat are migrating to cooler, more nutrient-rich water.

And as this El Nino gathers strength, it appears it will continue through the winter when it's expected to peak.

North America, southern Australia, and some other regions like that, we expect those impacts to be greater in the winter.

More rain, especially in the southern tier of the US.

Historically, we have seen snowier winters during El Nino, largely because of that increased moisture.

But even with that foresight, we still face a test of what some are calling one of the strongest El Ninos ever recorded.

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本课的词汇与口语要点

这节 B2 级别的口语课以视频“How a Super El Niño affects the global climate”为素材。视频中反复出现的词有：Nino, Pacific, southern, warm, degree。这段视频共有 66 个句子、989 个单词可供跟读。讲话部分时长为 6:19。说话人语速自然，每分钟约 156 个词，接近日常对话。只有 78% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，词汇难度较高。

视频中的重点词汇

视频中最难的 15 个单词，附发音和释义：

单词	发音	释义
rainfall 名词		雨量, 降雨量
wildfire 名词	/ˈwaɪldˌfaɪər/	山火, 野火
drought 名词	/ˈdɹaʊ̯t/	旱災 /旱灾, 乾旱 /干旱
declare 动词	/dɪˈklɛɚ/	宣布
predict 动词	/pɹɪˈdɪkt/	預言 /预言
acronym 名词	/ˈækɹənɪm/	首字母縮略詞 /首字母缩略词, 縮寫 /缩写
centigrade 名词		百分度的, 攝氏溫度的 /摄氏温度的
dangerously 副词		危險地 /危险地
devastate 动词	/ˈdɛv.ə.steɪt/	摧毀 /摧毁, 破壞 /破坏
encompass 动词	/ɪnˈkʌmpəs/	包围
equator 名词	/ɪˈkweɪ.tɚ/	赤道
foresight 名词	/ˈfɔɹsaɪt/	先見之明 /先见之明, 先見 /先见
migrate 动词	/maɪˈɡɹeɪt/	迁徙
mudslide 名词	/ˈmʌdˌslaɪd/	泥石流, 土石流
pelican 名词	/ˈpɛl.ɪ.kən/	鵜鶘 /鹈鹕

视频中出现的短语动词

单词	释义
slow down 动词	減速 /减速, 放慢

视频中的语法

说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：

结构	视频中的用法
现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 — 过去发生但与现在仍有关联的事	It's been called · I've seen · We've only seen
定语从句 who / which + 从句 — 补充说明人或事物	Celsius, which is · Indonesia, which can

需要注意的发音

说话人用了 6 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 they're, aren't, don't。请按听到的简短形式来说。

“sh” 和 “zh” 音: implication /ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃən/, circulation /ˌsɝkjʊˈleɪʃən/
长单词——注意重音位置: atmospheric /ˌætməsˈfɛɹɪk/, implication /ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃən/, ecosystem /ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm/, circulation /ˌsɝkjʊˈleɪʃən/, historically /hɪˈstɔɹɪkli/

中文母语者容易读错的音：

/v/ — 不要读成 /w/，上齿轻触下唇: devastate /ˈdɛv.ə.steɪt/, destructive /dɪˈstɹʌktɪv/
词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: wetness /ˈwɛt.nəs/, atmospheric /ˌætməsˈfɛɹɪk/, drought /ˈdɹaʊ̯t/, predict /pɹɪˈdɪkt/, devastate /ˈdɛv.ə.steɪt/
/r/ 和 /l/ 的区别: wildfire /ˈwaɪldˌfaɪər/, replay /ˈɹiːpleɪ/, coral /ˈkɔɹəl/, historically /hɪˈstɔɹɪkli/

如何用这段视频练习

先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟读，熟练之后再回到正常速度。
录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 rainfall, wildfire, drought 这类单词。

什么是跟读法？

跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟读法: 阅读完整分步指南 →

跟读练习: How a Super El Niño affects the global climate - 通过视频学习英语口语

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