शैडोइंग अभ्यास: How a Super El Niño affects the global climate - वीडियो के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें

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66 वाक्य
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Strange things are happening around the Pacific Ocean right now.
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A 10-foot great white shark spotted dangerously close to a group of children swimming north of Los Angeles.
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Hundreds of hungry pelicans are flocking to Peruvian ports and coastal markets.
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The worst winter storm front to hit Chile in more than a decade.
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And all signs point to El Nino as a major reason why.
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The number of climate models are calling for the possibility of a Super El Nino brewing this summer.
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El Nino is not uncommon.
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This climate phenomenon occurs every few years, but this one could be different.
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It's been called a potential super or Godzilla El Nino, and it could fuel extreme and dangerous weather conditions globally through 2027.
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So now seems like a good time to explain the science behind El Nino, how strong this one might be, and how it could impact our global ecosystem.
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And El Nino gets declared when trade winds shift and temperatures rise in the Pacific Ocean.
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The trade winds along the equator are constantly blowing from the east to the west.
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They're called the trade winds because hundreds of years ago, the sailing ships could rely on those steady winds to move them across the Pacific.
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And they essentially pile up warm water in the far western Pacific.
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When they slow down, even briefly, they can allow that warm water to slide backwards under the surface of the ocean.
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All of that water will become warm as those trade winds weaken.
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And then when they hit about a half a degree centigrade, about one degree Fahrenheit over the central Pacific,
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then our team here will declare an El Nino event.
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Noah says the El Nino has officially begun.
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El Nino is a part of the naturally recurring climate pattern known as the El Nino Southern Oscillation or ENSO.
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That acronym ENSO, El Nino Southern Oscillation, it encompasses the entire El Niño and La Niña system.
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La Niña is the opposite phase with cooler than average surface temperature.
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And generally we see swings between the two.
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They tend to recur on a two to seven year cycle.
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There's also a neutral phase in the middle when neither El Niño nor La Niña are present.
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So El Niño is just a normal part of this constantly replaying cycle in the ocean.
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But what's not normal is how strong scientists are predicting that this current El Nino could become.
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We do have a grading system.
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We actually grade it based on the sea surface temperatures in the Central Pacific, greater than 2 degrees Celsius, which is about 3.8 degrees Fahrenheit.
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It's a very strong El Nino.
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We have an 81% chance of being in a very strong El Nino.
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That's the highest odds I've seen for that.
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The atmospheric response scales with that.
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So if that temperature is much,
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much warmer than average, then that's a stronger El Nino and has a stronger influence over global atmospheric circulations.
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A contributing factor to the strength of this El Nino is what's known as a Kelvin wave,
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a 9,000-mile-long warm water mass moving across the Pacific that's a whopping 7.5 degrees Celsius
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or 13.5 degrees Fahrenheit warmer than the average.
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That warm water moving under the surface, it rises up as it moves to the east
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and provides a source of heat for the surface and therefore feeds an El Nino event.
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We've only seen El Ninos with this much strength a few times in the past.
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From 1877 to 1878, an El Nino caused a famine that killed millions of people.
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From 1982 to 1983, a superpowered El Nino brought drought to nearly every continent and destructive floods in North and South America.
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And another from 1997 to 98 caused widespread record rainfalls, mudslides, wildfires, and coral bleaching.
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So what can we expect with the strength of the current El Nino continuing to gather over the coming months?
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The World Meteorological Organization's seasonal outlook is predicting temperatures and rainfall far outside of global averages.
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And a stronger El Nino means more intense shifts in weather.
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It makes a parade of storms more likely to happen.
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Because El Nino can shift rain away from where it normally falls, it's not just that wetness or dryness increases, but where it increases.
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In places that aren't necessarily used to dealing with those conditions.
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You can get a lot of these kind of pattern changes.
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There's parts of western Chile, the Atacama Desert, that, you know, they don't get rain maybe once every 25 years, but they do when it's in El Nino.
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More wetness into Southern California, across Arizona, Texas.
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The potential risk of extreme weather events is higher given the strength of this El Nino.
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Droughts in Southern Asia, flooding in the Americas, and hurricanes forming in the East Pacific Ocean.
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They can bring a lot more rainfall to Peru, Ecuador, and Chile and have devastating consequences there.
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We see drier conditions in Indonesia, which can contribute to wildfires.
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The far eastern Pacific can be, the water can be quite a lot warmer than average,
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and that has a lot of implications for fish and for species that depend on fish.
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Those sharks that are showing up on the beaches of Southern California, they're heading north of their usual habitat because their normal hangouts have gotten too warm,
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and the fish that they eat are migrating to cooler, more nutrient-rich water.
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And as this El Nino gathers strength, it appears it will continue through the winter when it's expected to peak.
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North America, southern Australia, and some other regions like that, we expect those impacts to be greater in the winter.
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More rain, especially in the southern tier of the US.
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Historically, we have seen snowier winters during El Nino, largely because of that increased moisture.
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But even with that foresight, we still face a test of what some are calling one of the strongest El Ninos ever recorded.

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इस पाठ की शब्दावली और बोलने के सुझाव

यह B2 स्तर का स्पीकिंग पाठ वीडियो “How a Super El Niño affects the global climate” पर आधारित है। सबसे ज़्यादा दोहराए गए शब्द ये हैं: Nino, Pacific, southern, warm, degree। इस वीडियो में शैडोइंग के लिए 66 वाक्य और 989 शब्द हैं। बोला गया हिस्सा 6:19 लंबा है। वक्ता लगभग 156 शब्द प्रति मिनट की स्वाभाविक गति से बोलता है, जो रोज़मर्रा की बातचीत के करीब है। केवल 78% शब्द अंग्रेज़ी के 3,000 सबसे आम शब्दों में से हैं, इसलिए शब्दावली कठिन है।

इस वीडियो की मुख्य शब्दावली

वीडियो के 15 सबसे कठिन शब्द, उच्चारण और अर्थ के साथ:

शब्दउच्चारणअर्थ
rainfall संज्ञावर्षा
atmospheric विशेषण/ˌætməsˈfɛɹɪk/वायुमंडलीय
drought संज्ञा/ˈdɹaʊ̯t/सूखा, अनावृष्टि
dryness संज्ञा/ˈdɹaɪ.nəs/रूखापन
equator संज्ञा/ɪˈkweɪ.tɚ/भूमध्य रेखा
migrate क्रिया/maɪˈɡɹeɪt/प्रवास करना
famine संज्ञा/ˈfæm.ɪn/अकाल
flock संज्ञा/flɑk/झुंड, गल्ला
ecosystem संज्ञा/ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm/पारितंत्र
coral संज्ञा/ˈkɔɹəl/मूंगा, मूँगा
destructive विशेषण/dɪˈstɹʌktɪv/घातक, हानिकारक
moisture संज्ञा/ˈmɔɪs.t͡ʃɚ/आर्द्रता, नमी
sail संज्ञा/seɪl/पाल
continent संज्ञा/ˈkɑntɪnənt/महाद्वीप, खंड
consequence संज्ञा/ˈkɑn.sɪ.kwəns/परिणाम, नतीजा

इस वीडियो का व्याकरण

वक्ता जिन संरचनाओं का सबसे अधिक प्रयोग करता है, वीडियो के असली शब्दों के साथ:

संरचनावीडियो में
Present perfect have/has + past participle — बीता हुआ काम जिसका असर अभी भी हैIt's been called · I've seen · We've only seen
Relative clauses who / which + उपवाक्य — व्यक्ति या वस्तु के बारे में अतिरिक्त जानकारीCelsius, which is · Indonesia, which can

ध्यान देने योग्य उच्चारण

वक्ता 6 बार संक्षिप्त रूपों का प्रयोग करता है, जैसे they're, aren't, don't। इन्हें वैसे ही छोटा बोलें जैसा आप सुनते हैं।

  • “sh” और “zh” की ध्वनियाँ: implication /ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃən/, circulation /ˌsɝkjʊˈleɪʃən/
  • लंबे शब्द — बलाघात सही रखें: atmospheric /ˌætməsˈfɛɹɪk/, implication /ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃən/, ecosystem /ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm/, circulation /ˌsɝkjʊˈleɪʃən/, historically /hɪˈstɔɹɪkli/

हिंदी भाषियों के लिए मुश्किल ध्वनियाँ:

  • /v/ और /w/ का फ़र्क़ — /v/ में ऊपर के दाँत निचले होंठ को छूते हैं, /w/ में होंठ गोल होते हैं: wetness /ˈwɛt.nəs/, wildfire /ˈwaɪldˌfaɪər/, devastate /ˈdɛv.ə.steɪt/, equator /ɪˈkweɪ.tɚ/, weaken /ˈwikən/
  • /æ/ — “ऐ” से ज़्यादा खुला: atmospheric /ˌætməsˈfɛɹɪk/, acronym /ˈækɹənɪm/, famine /ˈfæm.ɪn/, backward /ˈbækwɚd/, habitat /ˈhæb.ɪ.tæt/

इस वीडियो से अभ्यास कैसे करें

  1. पहले बिना बोले पूरा वीडियो एक बार सुनें और जो शब्द नहीं आते उन्हें लिख लें।
  2. 0.75× गति से शुरू करें, एक-एक वाक्य की शैडोइंग करें, और सहज लगने पर सामान्य गति पर लौटें।
  3. अपनी आवाज़ रिकॉर्ड करें और मूल से तुलना करें, ख़ासकर rainfall, atmospheric, drought जैसे शब्दों पर ध्यान दें।

शैडोइंग तकनीक क्या है?

शैडोइंग (Shadowing) एक विज्ञान-समर्थित भाषा सीखने की तकनीक है जो मूल रूप से पेशेवर दुभाषिया प्रशिक्षण के लिए विकसित की गई थी। विधि सरल लेकिन शक्तिशाली है: आप मूल अंग्रेज़ी ऑडियो सुनते हैं और तुरंत इसे ज़ोर से दोहराते हैं — जैसे वक्ता की छाया 1-2 सेकंड की देरी से। शोध से पता चलता है कि यह उच्चारण सटीकता, स्वर, लय, जुड़ी हुई ध्वनियाँ, सुनने की समझ और बोलने की प्रवाहशीलता में काफ़ी सुधार करता है।

शैडोइंग तकनीक: पूरी चरण-दर-चरण गाइड पढ़ें →