쉐도잉 연습: How a Super El Niño affects the global climate - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기
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Strange things are happening around the Pacific Ocean right now.
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A 10-foot great white shark spotted dangerously close to a group of children swimming north of Los Angeles.
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Hundreds of hungry pelicans are flocking to Peruvian ports and coastal markets.
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The worst winter storm front to hit Chile in more than a decade.
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And all signs point to El Nino as a major reason why.
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The number of climate models are calling for the possibility of a Super El Nino brewing this summer.
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El Nino is not uncommon.
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This climate phenomenon occurs every few years, but this one could be different.
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It's been called a potential super or Godzilla El Nino, and it could fuel extreme and dangerous weather conditions globally through 2027.
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So now seems like a good time to explain the science behind El Nino, how strong this one might be, and how it could impact our global ecosystem.
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And El Nino gets declared when trade winds shift and temperatures rise in the Pacific Ocean.
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The trade winds along the equator are constantly blowing from the east to the west.
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They're called the trade winds because hundreds of years ago, the sailing ships could rely on those steady winds to move them across the Pacific.
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And they essentially pile up warm water in the far western Pacific.
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When they slow down, even briefly, they can allow that warm water to slide backwards under the surface of the ocean.
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All of that water will become warm as those trade winds weaken.
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And then when they hit about a half a degree centigrade, about one degree Fahrenheit over the central Pacific,
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then our team here will declare an El Nino event.
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Noah says the El Nino has officially begun.
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El Nino is a part of the naturally recurring climate pattern known as the El Nino Southern Oscillation or ENSO.
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That acronym ENSO, El Nino Southern Oscillation, it encompasses the entire El Niño and La Niña system.
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La Niña is the opposite phase with cooler than average surface temperature.
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And generally we see swings between the two.
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They tend to recur on a two to seven year cycle.
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There's also a neutral phase in the middle when neither El Niño nor La Niña are present.
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So El Niño is just a normal part of this constantly replaying cycle in the ocean.
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But what's not normal is how strong scientists are predicting that this current El Nino could become.
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We do have a grading system.
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We actually grade it based on the sea surface temperatures in the Central Pacific, greater than 2 degrees Celsius, which is about 3.8 degrees Fahrenheit.
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It's a very strong El Nino.
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We have an 81% chance of being in a very strong El Nino.
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That's the highest odds I've seen for that.
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The atmospheric response scales with that.
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So if that temperature is much,
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much warmer than average, then that's a stronger El Nino and has a stronger influence over global atmospheric circulations.
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A contributing factor to the strength of this El Nino is what's known as a Kelvin wave,
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a 9,000-mile-long warm water mass moving across the Pacific that's a whopping 7.5 degrees Celsius
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or 13.5 degrees Fahrenheit warmer than the average.
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That warm water moving under the surface, it rises up as it moves to the east
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and provides a source of heat for the surface and therefore feeds an El Nino event.
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We've only seen El Ninos with this much strength a few times in the past.
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From 1877 to 1878, an El Nino caused a famine that killed millions of people.
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From 1982 to 1983, a superpowered El Nino brought drought to nearly every continent and destructive floods in North and South America.
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And another from 1997 to 98 caused widespread record rainfalls, mudslides, wildfires, and coral bleaching.
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So what can we expect with the strength of the current El Nino continuing to gather over the coming months?
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The World Meteorological Organization's seasonal outlook is predicting temperatures and rainfall far outside of global averages.
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And a stronger El Nino means more intense shifts in weather.
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It makes a parade of storms more likely to happen.
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Because El Nino can shift rain away from where it normally falls, it's not just that wetness or dryness increases, but where it increases.
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In places that aren't necessarily used to dealing with those conditions.
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You can get a lot of these kind of pattern changes.
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There's parts of western Chile, the Atacama Desert, that, you know, they don't get rain maybe once every 25 years, but they do when it's in El Nino.
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More wetness into Southern California, across Arizona, Texas.
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The potential risk of extreme weather events is higher given the strength of this El Nino.
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Droughts in Southern Asia, flooding in the Americas, and hurricanes forming in the East Pacific Ocean.
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They can bring a lot more rainfall to Peru, Ecuador, and Chile and have devastating consequences there.
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We see drier conditions in Indonesia, which can contribute to wildfires.
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The far eastern Pacific can be, the water can be quite a lot warmer than average,
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and that has a lot of implications for fish and for species that depend on fish.
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Those sharks that are showing up on the beaches of Southern California, they're heading north of their usual habitat because their normal hangouts have gotten too warm,
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and the fish that they eat are migrating to cooler, more nutrient-rich water.
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And as this El Nino gathers strength, it appears it will continue through the winter when it's expected to peak.
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North America, southern Australia, and some other regions like that, we expect those impacts to be greater in the winter.
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More rain, especially in the southern tier of the US.
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Historically, we have seen snowier winters during El Nino, largely because of that increased moisture.
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But even with that foresight, we still face a test of what some are calling one of the strongest El Ninos ever recorded.
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이 레슨의 어휘와 말하기 포인트
이 B2 수준 말하기 레슨은 영상 “How a Super El Niño affects the global climate”을(를) 바탕으로 합니다. 가장 자주 반복되는 단어는 다음과 같습니다: Nino, Pacific, southern, warm, degree. 이 영상에는 섀도잉할 문장 66개와 단어 989개가 있습니다. 말하는 구간의 길이는 6:19입니다. 화자는 분당 약 156단어로, 일상 대화에 가까운 자연스러운 속도로 말합니다. 영어에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 3,000단어에 속하는 단어가 78%뿐이라 어휘가 어려운 편입니다.
이 영상의 핵심 어휘
영상에서 가장 어려운 단어 15개를 발음, 뜻과 함께 정리했습니다.
| 단어 | 발음 | 뜻 |
|---|---|---|
| wildfire 명사 | /ˈwaɪldˌfaɪər/ | 산불 |
| drought 명사 | /ˈdɹaʊ̯t/ | 가뭄 |
| declare 동사 | /dɪˈklɛɚ/ | 선언하다 |
| predict 동사 | /pɹɪˈdɪkt/ | 예언하다, 예측하다 |
| acronym 명사 | /ˈækɹənɪm/ | 두문자어, 약어 |
| equator 명사 | /ɪˈkweɪ.tɚ/ | 적도 |
| hangout 명사 | 소굴, 단골집 | |
| mudslide 명사 | /ˈmʌdˌslaɪd/ | 이류, 진흙 사태 |
| pelican 명사 | /ˈpɛl.ɪ.kən/ | 펠리컨 |
| nutrient 명사 | /ˈnuː.tɹi.ənt/ | 영양소 |
| bleach 명사 | /bliːt͡ʃ/ | 표백제 |
| famine 명사 | /ˈfæm.ɪn/ | 기아, 기근 |
| flock 명사 | /flɑk/ | 무리, 떼 |
| ecosystem 명사 | /ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm/ | 생태계 |
| replay 명사 | /ˈɹiːpleɪ/ | 리플레이 |
이 영상의 문법
화자가 가장 많이 쓰는 문형을 영상 속 실제 표현과 함께 정리했습니다.
| 문형 | 영상 속 표현 |
|---|---|
| 현재완료 have/has + 과거분사 — 과거의 일이 지금도 관련이 있을 때 | It's been called · I've seen · We've only seen |
| 관계절 who / which + 절 — 사람이나 사물에 대한 추가 정보 | Celsius, which is · Indonesia, which can |
주의할 발음
화자는 they're, aren't, don't 같은 축약형과 약화된 형태를 6번 사용합니다. 들리는 대로 짧게 발음하세요.
- “sh”와 “zh” 소리: implication /ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃən/, circulation /ˌsɝkjʊˈleɪʃən/
- 긴 단어 — 강세 위치에 주의: atmospheric /ˌætməsˈfɛɹɪk/, implication /ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃən/, ecosystem /ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm/, circulation /ˌsɝkjʊˈleɪʃən/, historically /hɪˈstɔɹɪkli/
한국어 화자가 어려워하는 소리:
- /f/ — ㅍ(/p/)으로 바꾸지 말고 윗니를 아랫입술에 대기: wildfire /ˈwaɪldˌfaɪər/, atmospheric /ˌætməsˈfɛɹɪk/, foresight /ˈfɔɹsaɪt/, famine /ˈfæm.ɪn/, flock /flɑk/
- /v/ — ㅂ(/b/)과 구별하기: devastate /ˈdɛv.ə.steɪt/, destructive /dɪˈstɹʌktɪv/
- /r/과 /l/ 구별하기: wildfire /ˈwaɪldˌfaɪər/, replay /ˈɹiːpleɪ/, coral /ˈkɔɹəl/, historically /hɪˈstɔɹɪkli/
이 영상으로 연습하는 방법
- 먼저 말하지 않고 영상을 끝까지 듣고 모르는 단어를 적어 둡니다.
- 0.75배속으로 한 문장씩 섀도잉을 시작하고, 익숙해지면 보통 속도로 돌아갑니다.
- 자신의 목소리를 녹음해 원본과 비교하고, wildfire, drought, declare 같은 단어에 특히 주의합니다.
쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법
쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.