シャドーイング練習: How a Super El Niño affects the global climate - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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Strange things are happening around the Pacific Ocean right now.

A 10-foot great white shark spotted dangerously close to a group of children swimming north of Los Angeles.

Hundreds of hungry pelicans are flocking to Peruvian ports and coastal markets.

The worst winter storm front to hit Chile in more than a decade.

And all signs point to El Nino as a major reason why.

The number of climate models are calling for the possibility of a Super El Nino brewing this summer.

El Nino is not uncommon.

This climate phenomenon occurs every few years, but this one could be different.

It's been called a potential super or Godzilla El Nino, and it could fuel extreme and dangerous weather conditions globally through 2027.

So now seems like a good time to explain the science behind El Nino, how strong this one might be, and how it could impact our global ecosystem.

And El Nino gets declared when trade winds shift and temperatures rise in the Pacific Ocean.

The trade winds along the equator are constantly blowing from the east to the west.

They're called the trade winds because hundreds of years ago, the sailing ships could rely on those steady winds to move them across the Pacific.

And they essentially pile up warm water in the far western Pacific.

When they slow down, even briefly, they can allow that warm water to slide backwards under the surface of the ocean.

All of that water will become warm as those trade winds weaken.

And then when they hit about a half a degree centigrade, about one degree Fahrenheit over the central Pacific,

then our team here will declare an El Nino event.

Noah says the El Nino has officially begun.

El Nino is a part of the naturally recurring climate pattern known as the El Nino Southern Oscillation or ENSO.

That acronym ENSO, El Nino Southern Oscillation, it encompasses the entire El Niño and La Niña system.

La Niña is the opposite phase with cooler than average surface temperature.

And generally we see swings between the two.

They tend to recur on a two to seven year cycle.

There's also a neutral phase in the middle when neither El Niño nor La Niña are present.

So El Niño is just a normal part of this constantly replaying cycle in the ocean.

But what's not normal is how strong scientists are predicting that this current El Nino could become.

We do have a grading system.

We actually grade it based on the sea surface temperatures in the Central Pacific, greater than 2 degrees Celsius, which is about 3.8 degrees Fahrenheit.

It's a very strong El Nino.

We have an 81% chance of being in a very strong El Nino.

That's the highest odds I've seen for that.

The atmospheric response scales with that.

So if that temperature is much,

much warmer than average, then that's a stronger El Nino and has a stronger influence over global atmospheric circulations.

A contributing factor to the strength of this El Nino is what's known as a Kelvin wave,

a 9,000-mile-long warm water mass moving across the Pacific that's a whopping 7.5 degrees Celsius

or 13.5 degrees Fahrenheit warmer than the average.

That warm water moving under the surface, it rises up as it moves to the east

and provides a source of heat for the surface and therefore feeds an El Nino event.

We've only seen El Ninos with this much strength a few times in the past.

From 1877 to 1878, an El Nino caused a famine that killed millions of people.

From 1982 to 1983, a superpowered El Nino brought drought to nearly every continent and destructive floods in North and South America.

And another from 1997 to 98 caused widespread record rainfalls, mudslides, wildfires, and coral bleaching.

So what can we expect with the strength of the current El Nino continuing to gather over the coming months?

The World Meteorological Organization's seasonal outlook is predicting temperatures and rainfall far outside of global averages.

And a stronger El Nino means more intense shifts in weather.

It makes a parade of storms more likely to happen.

Because El Nino can shift rain away from where it normally falls, it's not just that wetness or dryness increases, but where it increases.

In places that aren't necessarily used to dealing with those conditions.

You can get a lot of these kind of pattern changes.

There's parts of western Chile, the Atacama Desert, that, you know, they don't get rain maybe once every 25 years, but they do when it's in El Nino.

More wetness into Southern California, across Arizona, Texas.

The potential risk of extreme weather events is higher given the strength of this El Nino.

Droughts in Southern Asia, flooding in the Americas, and hurricanes forming in the East Pacific Ocean.

They can bring a lot more rainfall to Peru, Ecuador, and Chile and have devastating consequences there.

We see drier conditions in Indonesia, which can contribute to wildfires.

The far eastern Pacific can be, the water can be quite a lot warmer than average,

and that has a lot of implications for fish and for species that depend on fish.

Those sharks that are showing up on the beaches of Southern California, they're heading north of their usual habitat because their normal hangouts have gotten too warm,

and the fish that they eat are migrating to cooler, more nutrient-rich water.

And as this El Nino gathers strength, it appears it will continue through the winter when it's expected to peak.

North America, southern Australia, and some other regions like that, we expect those impacts to be greater in the winter.

More rain, especially in the southern tier of the US.

Historically, we have seen snowier winters during El Nino, largely because of that increased moisture.

But even with that foresight, we still face a test of what some are calling one of the strongest El Ninos ever recorded.

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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント

このB2レベルのスピーキングレッスンは、動画「How a Super El Niño affects the global climate」を教材にしています。繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：Nino, Pacific, southern, warm, degree。この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が66文、単語が989語あります。音声の長さは6:19です。話す速さは1分あたり約156語で、日常会話に近い自然なペースです。英語の頻出3,000語に含まれる単語は78%だけなので、語彙は難しめです。

この動画の重要語彙

動画の中で特に難しい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。

単語	発音	意味
rainfall 名詞		降雨量, 雨量
recur 動詞	/ɹɪˈkɜː/	ぶり返す, 再発する
wildfire 名詞	/ˈwaɪldˌfaɪər/	山火事, 山林火災
drought 名詞	/ˈdɹaʊ̯t/	旱魃
declare 動詞	/dɪˈklɛɚ/	宣言する
predict 動詞	/pɹɪˈdɪkt/	予言する
acronym 名詞	/ˈækɹənɪm/	頭字語, アクロニム
dangerously 副詞		危うく, 危険に
devastate 動詞	/ˈdɛv.ə.steɪt/	破壊する
equator 名詞	/ɪˈkweɪ.tɚ/	赤道
foresight 名詞	/ˈfɔɹsaɪt/	先見, 予見
mudslide 名詞	/ˈmʌdˌslaɪd/	崖崩れ, 泥流
pelican 名詞	/ˈpɛl.ɪ.kən/	ペリカン, 伽藍鳥
weaken 動詞	/ˈwikən/	弱くする
nutrient 名詞	/ˈnuː.tɹi.ənt/	栄養, 栄養素

動画に出てくる句動詞

単語	意味
slow down 動詞	遅らせる

この動画の文法

話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。

文型	動画での表現
現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している	It's been called · I've seen · We've only seen
関係詞節 who / which + 節 — 人や物について情報を加える	Celsius, which is · Indonesia, which can

注意したい発音

話し手はthey're, aren't, don'tなど、短縮形や弱形を6回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。

「sh」と「zh」の音: implication /ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃən/, circulation /ˌsɝkjʊˈleɪʃən/
長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: atmospheric /ˌætməsˈfɛɹɪk/, implication /ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃən/, ecosystem /ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm/, circulation /ˌsɝkjʊˈleɪʃən/, historically /hɪˈstɔɹɪkli/

日本語話者が苦手な音：

/r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: wildfire /ˈwaɪldˌfaɪər/, replay /ˈɹiːpleɪ/, coral /ˈkɔɹəl/, historically /hɪˈstɔɹɪkli/
/v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: devastate /ˈdɛv.ə.steɪt/, destructive /dɪˈstɹʌktɪv/
/f/ — 「フ」ではなく、上の歯と下唇で出す: wildfire /ˈwaɪldˌfaɪər/, atmospheric /ˌætməsˈfɛɹɪk/, foresight /ˈfɔɹsaɪt/, famine /ˈfæm.ɪn/, flock /flɑk/

この動画での練習方法

まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
まず0.75倍速で一文ずつシャドーイングし、慣れてきたら通常の速度に戻します。
自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。rainfall, recur, wildfireなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。

シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由

シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。

シャドーイングのやり方: ステップ別の完全ガイドを読む →

シャドーイング練習: How a Super El Niño affects the global climate - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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