Some 和 any

some 和 any 表示一个没有确切说出的数量。它们和复数名词（some eggs）以及不可数名词（some milk）连用。单数可数名词用 a/an（an egg）。

💡单纯问某物有没有的一般疑问句，通常用 any：Do you have any brothers or sisters? 但当你主动提供或请求某物时，要改用 some：Would you like some tea?

1. some 用于肯定句

• I bought some vegetables at the market.

  我在市场买了一些蔬菜。

• There's some soup in the pot.

  锅里有一些汤。

2. any 用于否定句和大多数疑问句

• I don't have any cash on me.

  我身上没带现金。

• Is there any sugar left?

  还有糖吗？

• Did you take any photos?

  你拍照片了吗？

3. 主动提供、请求某物，或预期对方回答“是”时，疑问句用 some

• Would you like some cake?

  你要来点蛋糕吗？

• Could you lend me some money until Friday?

  你能借我点钱吗？星期五就还你。

4. any 用于肯定句 = “哪个都行”，以及用在 if 后面

• Take any book you like.

  你喜欢哪本书就拿哪本。

• Call me any time.

  随时给我打电话。

• If you have any problems, let me know.

  如果有任何问题，就告诉我。

由 some- 和 any- 构成的词，遵循和上面一样的规则。

• There's somebody at the door.

  门口有人。

• I didn't eat anything this morning.

  我今天早上什么都没吃。

• Did you go anywhere last weekend?

  你上周末去哪儿了吗？

• I'd like to live somewhere quiet.

  我想住在一个安静的地方。

somebody / anybody / something… 后面的动词用单数，但再指代那个人时，通常用 they / their。

• Somebody is calling you.

  有人在叫你。（用 is，不用 are）

• Somebody left their umbrella here.

  有人把伞落在这儿了。（不知道对方是男是女时用 their）

• 单数可数名词 → a/an：I'd like an apple.
• 不说具体多少 → some：I'd like some apples / some juice.
• 泛指一整类事物 → 不用 some：Eggs are good for you. I don't drink coffee.
• not any = no：There isn't any milk. = There's no milk.——另见“No / none / any, nothing / nobody”一课。

• ✗I don't have some money.

  ✓I don't have any money.

  否定句 → 用 any。

• ✗There are any letters for you.

  ✓There are some letters for you.

  肯定句 → 用 some。

• ✗Can I have any water, please?

  ✓Can I have some water, please?

  向别人要东西 → 用 some。

• ✗I'm hungry. I want to eat anything.

  ✓I'm hungry. I want to eat something.

  想吃某样东西 → 用 something；anything 用在肯定句里，意思是“随便什么都行”。

• ✗I didn't see nobody.

  ✓I didn't see anybody. / I saw nobody.

  标准英语不用双重否定。

• ✗Somebody have called you.

  ✓Somebody has called you.

  somebody 后面的动词用单数。